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Art History
ART HISTORY LECTURE NOTES 1

AH1.1
(I) Early Civilizations:

PRE-HISTORICAL ART
-art before historical documentation

3 periods of Pre-Historical art
(The Stone Ages/Megalithic)
-Paleolithic (32000-15000BC)
-Mesolithic (15000-8000BC)
-Neolithic (8000-1500BC)

Forms of art
-cave wall painting
-chattel art
-mobilary: figurings

Characteristics
-crude and unrefined
-organic and of earth pigments

Contents
-bisons, horses
-hunting, tribal wars
-funeral scenes

Important sites
-Lascaux (35000BC), France
-Chauvet (33000BC), France
-Altamira (15000-10000BC), Spain
-Willendorf (25000-20000BC), Austria
-Wiltshire: Stonehenge (2000BC), England
-Cata Huyuk (1500BC), Turkey

Functions and purposes
-ritual, ceremonial and magical

AH1.2
(I) Early Civilizations:

Mesopotamian Art
-Sumerian art and civilization (3200-2000BC)
-Sumerian city-state (3000-2100)

Major art forms
-Architecture: Ziggurat
-Stone carves: stories from “Epic of Gilgamesh”

Styles
-Geometrical and mathematical

Akkadian and Babylonian
Old Babylonian Period (1795-1595) -King Hammurabi (1792-50), Stele of Hammurabi
Middle Babylonian Period (1595-1155)
Old Assyrian Empire (?-1500)
Middle Assyrian Empire (1500-1200)
Neo-Assyrian Empire (1000-612) -Tiglath-Pileser III (745-27) -Shalmaneser V (727-22) -Sargon II (721-05) -Sennacherib (704-681)
New Hittite Empire (1400-1150)
Neo-Babylonian Empire (747-539) -Nebuchadnezzar II (605-562)
-further developed base on Sumerian foundation e.g. Ishtar Palace (c.575BC) Hammurabi’s Stele (c.1760)

Assyro-Babylonian gods and goddesses
-Anu, Asshur, Era, Enlil (Bel), Ishtar, Murduk, Shamash, Sin, Tammuz…

AH1.3
(I) Early Civilizations:

Egyptian Art

3 periods of Ancient Egypt
-Old Kingdoms (2086-2181BC)
-Middle Kingdoms (2040-1780BC)
-New Kingdoms (1558-1075BC)

Forms of art
-Architecture: pyramids, and temples e.g. Pyramids at Gisah,
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