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Business Research
Learning Log - Activity 3.7

The purpose of the study for learning log –Activity 3.7 was conducting a literature search for suitable papers on stakeholder theory. During the study I used common rules for searching literature: * scoping (and context) (Collins and Hussey, 2008); for scoping I usually looking for a last ten-five years literature * key word(s) searching in present I used words such as ‘Globalization”, “Sustainability, etc. * refining the search on stakeholder theory. I selected articles from journals in ABS (Association of Business Schools) list rated level “3” and “4” only. (ABS,2012)
During this log I passed some stages: * search literature on the stakeholder theory * review the literature * select articles
Google Scholar
Thus, my search began with a preference for articles on the fundamentals of the theory, and I took the following steps:
Typed keywords “Stakeholder Theory” in Google Scholar, which is an academically orientated search engine. Result was 183,000 articles.
Downsized list by paying attention to articles on the theory’s fundamentals published in the period 1995- 2012.
Then, I selected the most popular in the list, which is The Stakeholder Theory of the Corporation: Concepts, Evidence, and Implications written by Donaldson and Preston in January 1995, published in the Academy of Management Review with 4469 times cited on record. (Table 1)

Table 1: Article one information Why I have chosen this article? According to ABS list the Academy of Management Review is rated the world class ʻ4ʼ. (ABS, 2012) The authors of the selected articles are fundamentalists on the justification on normative theory.” Donaldson and others implied that business needs a normative justification” (Freeman 2008, p.163) Donaldson and Preston (1995) clearly distinguishes the three theories inherent in stakeholder theory (namely: normative, descriptive or analytical, and instrumental), but



References: 3. Bell M. 2009 An Invitation to Environmental Sociology (Pine Forage Press, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA). 4. Bradford University School of Management 2012, Learner Support Service, 2012 Guidance for e resources 5 6. Collis J & Hussey R (2009) Business Research: Practical Guide for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students, 3rd edition, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan 7

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