Preview

Cannibalism: Myth or Reality

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
1951 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Cannibalism: Myth or Reality
Cannibalism. Myth or reality? Discuss.

Cannibalism is the practice of eating the flesh of one’s own species. It can happen among many animals, and also humans. A person who practices cannibalism is called a cannibal. Cannibalism can be classified as endocannibalism and exocannibalism. Endocannibalism can further have different reasons including mourning for the dead like the Wari’ people and Melanesians, and need of protein like the Aztec. In this essay I am going to talk about cannibalism in general, and endocannibalism only in some cases because in my opinion, exocannibalism is more understandable than endocannibalism because I think eating enemies’ dead bodies make more sense than eating one’s family members’ bodies. I’m more interested in the reasons why endocannibalism happens and whether it is myth or reality. It is important to learn this because it will help us study cannibalism, think about cannibalism, and understand cannibalism.

I believe that endocannibalism is mostly believable according to all the evidence and materials recorded by many anthropologists and in some circumstances, scientists, but some little bits need more proof, like the Aztec, which I will discuss later in more detail in this essay. However, there are also some people disagree with the existence of cannibalism completely, which I consider some part convincing, some part not so reasonable, which I will also discuss.

First of all, there have always been many mythologies about cannibalism in various forms of documents from different parts of the world since thousands of years ago or even tens of thousands of years ago. The ancient myths of the Greeks, for example, have many parts involving cannibalism, including the stories of Dionysus in the Orpheus tradition, and Hesiod’s Theogony. There must be a reason for cannibalism being described in so many stories. I don’t believe that the Greeks come up with the stories just by their imagination. Actually some anthropologists suggest



References: University of Bristol 11 September 2006, University of Bristol, United Kingdom viewed 4 November 2012, <http://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2001/cannibal.htm> Lindenhaum, S 2009, ‘Cannibalism, kuru and anthropology’, Folia Neuropathologica, Vol. 47 (2), pp. 138-44. Sahlins, M 1978, ‘Culture as protein and profit,’ New York Review of Books, pp. 45-53. Conklin, B.A 2001, ‘Consuming grief: compassionate cannibalism in an Amazonian society’, Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. Introduction. Arens, W, Harris, M, Stanley, H.M, Mead, M 1979, ‘Do people really eat people? An anthropologist says cannibalism is a myth’, Time, 10/22/1979, Vol. 114, Issue 17, pp. 106, 1p. Arens, W 1979, ‘The man-eating myth’, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom. Lindenbaum, Shirley 2004, ‘Thinking About Cannibalism’, Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol. 33, Issue 1, pp. 475-498. Vilaca, A 2000, ‘Relations between funerary cannibalism and warfare cannibalism: the question of predation’, Ethnos: Journal of Anthropology, Vol. 65, Issue 1, pp. 83-106. Pfafflin, F 2008, ‘Good Enough To Eat’, Archives of Sexual Behaviour, Vol. 37, Issue 2, pp. 286-293. Kolata, G 1987, ‘Are the horrors of cannibalism fact? Or fiction?’, Smithsonian, Vol. 17, Issue 12, pp. 151-170.

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Satisfactory Essays

    Bog Bodies

    • 600 Words
    • 2 Pages

    1) The stomach contents of Tollund Man and Grauballe Man consisted of porridge, made of mostly barely and wheat, parts of domesticated plants such as linseed flax and knotweed and many wild plants. A total of forty different plant seeds were found in the contents of Tollund Man’s stomach, Grauballe Man had almost sixty different species of plants in his stomach. Also, small pieces of bone and animal hairs were found, leading scientists to believe rodents must have contaminated the food used to prepare the last meals. Unlike Tollund Man and Grauballe Man, the body found in Borremose had only wild seeds in its stomach contents; no traces of porridge or cereals were found. With all the evidence from the contents of Tollund Man, Graballe Man, and Iron Age Man, scientist were able to come to the conclusion that all three men’s last meals were entirely vegetarian. Judging by the presence of chaff fragments and weeds in the last meals of these men, one could come to the conclusion they all were from poor families. When the crops failed to produce an acceptable harvest, poor families needed to stretch the crops they did harvest to be able to provide enough food until the next harvest. They would add weed seeds, runt grain and chaff pulled out of the previous year’s grain before that grain was put into storage. Poor families would also use anything harvestable from the field as food; that included weeds, and chaff as well. These parts would be made into porridge. To sum it up, the meal consisted of some kind of porridge or gruel made primarily of grain and seeds - flaxseed had probably been added in order to increase the amount of fat in the meal. As already mentioned, the contents showed no traces of meat. At an excavation close to Aalborg, archaeologists discovered a jar with a similar meal in a house from the Iron Age – just add water and put it over the fire and then you could have eaten it with great pleasure 2,000 years…

    • 600 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Pollan, Michael. “The Feedlot: Making Meat.” The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals. (2006): 70-84. Print.…

    • 317 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Michael Pollan’s purpose for writing this book was to inform the reader of the Omnivore’s Dilemma, the secrets behind what we eat. As omnivores, we humans have the a dilemma about our food, where it comes and what it comes from. Pollan informs the reader this because many people in America and around the world do not know where our food that we ingest comes from. After Pollan discovers himself the lies and truths of what actually happens through the process of our food, he shares the knowledge and information to many more in this memorable book. “I had to go back to the beginning, to the farms and fields where our food is grown. Then I followed it each step of the way, and watched what happened to our food on its way stomachs”(1.4) In chapter…

    • 266 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Pollan, Michael. The Omnivore 's Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals. New York: Penguin, 2006. Print.…

    • 1624 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    While going through this tragedy of being stuck in the snow, Charlie, Luis and Salvador have come to try and help the Donner Party out of the mountains. When the party gets snowed in, the cattle start to be killed for food and soon everyone runs out. This is where people start dying and other begin to talk about feeding off of the bodies. It is said that Luis and Salvador never participated in the act of cannibalism, but did that help or hurt them? When traveling in one of the parties that tried to get through the snow, Luis and Salvador along with Charlie, Bill Foster, and a couple other Donner Party members started running out of the food that they had prepared before leaving, and people started dying from the cold and lack of food and it came done to one question between the ones who were still alive; Do we bury the bodies or do we use them as food?…

    • 740 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The author of The Omnivore’s Dilemma A Natural History of Four Meals, Michael Pollan, was born in Long Island, New York in 1955. He is currently a professor of journalism at The University of California Berkeley and works with Graduate level students. Pollan has written at least seven books on food and its social and cultural aspects as well as its relationship with nature.…

    • 324 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    cannibalism to prove that there is no Eden. He discusses how nature is brutal and people who do not…

    • 658 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Have you ever thought about how the food you’re about to eat was prepared? I know I rarely do, and many of us never pay any mind to what exactly is on our plate. David Foster Wallace’s essay will almost definitely make you ask yourself a few questions regarding meat consumption. His piece talks about the controversy behind killing lobsters and questions people’s general views on that matter, making his audience think about morality.…

    • 1039 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Most of us have all heard of the Donner Party. They were the group of traveling families, trying to reach the new land. Along the way, they were said to have partaken in cannibalism to survive harsh winters. Recent studies are trying to prove if in fact all of the survivors had joined in the cannibalism. If in fact they were all cannibals or not, only time and more extensive research can tell.…

    • 856 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    leader John Smith attempted to salvage with his “no work, no food” slogan. All of these…

    • 2044 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    In this book, Watson discusses how gender, race and imperialism have affected cannibalism, specifically when European colonizers came to the Americas. With the use of primary documents, such as letters, art, and travel accounts, the image of the cannibal in the 16th and 17th century is constructed. She argues that the European colonizers created a hierarchy with the native people, viewing natives as inferior and savage. Along with this, the gender binary system, with males being portrayed as dominant, portrays the colonization of the Americas as the masculine colonizers defeating the feminine, savage, and cannibalistic natives. Watson’s analysis demonstrates that the stereotypes of cannibalism were fabricated by Western societies. Due to this…

    • 142 Words
    • 1 Page
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Although Western Culture views cannibalism in any form as the pinnacle of savagery, the Europeans´ ignorance to understand Native cultures in the Americas during their urge for self-propagation led to the usage of circumstantial evidence as a scapegoat for the degradation and enslavement of a whole variety of different…

    • 1589 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Cannibalism In The Crucible

    • 2950 Words
    • 12 Pages

    The term expanded to encompass other groups as they were discovered. There are many forms of cannibalism but the two that are most acknowledged or socially acceptable are survival cannibalism and cannibalism as psychopathology. Survival cannibalism is the most commonly discussed because it takes a person, or persons, who would normally not think about eating a person but they find themselves in such a difficult position of choosing between eating another person or dying themselves (Lindenbaum 476).…

    • 2950 Words
    • 12 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Rhetorical Analysis Essay

    • 884 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Cited: Niman, Nicolette Hahn. "The Carnivore’s Dilemma." The New York Times. The New York Times, 30 Oct. 2009. Web. 18 Feb. 2015.…

    • 884 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The author, Basil Johnston, is trying to portray the connection between a mythical story from the Aboriginals and the way we are destroying the environment today, from his article Modern Cannibals of the Wilds, written in 1991. Johnston begins his article by telling a story about a habitat filled with many different species such as: fish, birds, insects and other wildlife. Then, Johnston continues to introduce a cannibalistic mythical creature called weendigoes, who feed on human flesh to try to satisfy his never-ending hunger. After Johnston introduces the mythical weendigoes, he transitions into introducing the modern weendigoes who care reincarnated as humans, depicted as industries, corporations and multinationals who dwells on wealth and profits from forestry. As the story continues, the use of woodsmen with axes to harvest trees converts to clear-cutting tractors, as the corporations’ greed increases. Industrial destruction of the ecosystems from greed, selfishness, and ignorance of the human nature will have negative impacts on the environment, wildlife and the climate change.…

    • 883 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays

Related Topics