medical researchers Philip Drinker and Louis Agassiz Shaw in 1927. The inventors used an iron box…
In 1758 a spectacle manufacturer John Dollard, patented an almost completely achromatic lens that made colour-free refracting telescopes possible. Later on in 1821 Giovan Battista Amici attempted to increase the resolution of the microscope, and invented the oil immersion techniques that brought microscopes to their greatest resolution, allowing far more detailed scientific work to progress.…
"I am going to make a name for myself. If I fail, you will never hear from me again." (Edward James Muggeridge). The first traceable form of anything relating to motion pictures was the "Magic Lantern" invented in the 17th Century by Athansius Kircher in Rome, Italy. The device had a lens that projected pictures from transparencies onto a screen, with a mere candle. This was the first step towards the revolution that would progress to a more advanced device in centuries to come. In 1831 the law of electromagnetic induction was discovered by an English scientist Michael Faraday, a major part used in generating elcectricity and powering simple motors and machines, including film equipment. In 1832 a Belgian inventor by the name of Joseph Plateau created a device called the "Fantascope" or "spindle viewer". Simple enough, it made a sequence of seperate pictures depicting stages or actions, like juggling or dancing. The images were arranged around the outter circle of a slotted disk. The disk required being placed in front of a mirror and rotated. Someone viewing through the slots saw a moving picture (Filmsite) In 1934 William George Horner, a British inventor, invited the "Daedalum". The Daedalum was a hollow, rotating drum with a crank, and had a strip of sequential photographs and drawings on…
In 1905 Einstein published a paper that described experimental data from the photoelectric effect as being the result of light energy being carried in discrete quantized packets. This led to the quantum revolution and later earned him his Nobel Prize.…
The photoelectric effect was first discovered by Heinrich Hertz in 1887 and was explained by Albert Einstein in 1905.…
Then the laser was introduced in 1958 as an effective source of light. “The concept was introduced by Charles Townes and Arthur Schawlow to show that lasers could be made to operate in optical and infrared regions. Basically, light is reflected back and forth in an energized…
It was the Scotsman John Logie Baird, who was effective in July 1928 to demonstrate the world’s 1st color transmission, better known as the mechanical color TV, as he employed three Nipkow scanning discs, each fitted with filters of three different primary colors, and electromechanical system at both the transmitting and…
2. High Strength Glass Fibers, David Hartman, Mark E. Greenwood, and David M. Miller, 1996…
References: Holography was invented in 1947 by the Hungarian-British physicist Dennis Gabor (1900-1979), who won a 1971 Nobel Prize for his invention.…
Fiber Optics History of Fiber Optics History Of Fiber Optics In 1870, John Tyndall, using a jet of water that flowed from one container to another and a beam of light, demonstrated that light used internal reflection to follow a specific path. • Alexander Graham Bell patented an optical telephone system, which he called the Photophone • He dreamed of sending signals through the air, but the atmosphere didn't transmit light as reliably as wires carried electricity. • During the 1920s, John Logie Baird in England and Clarence W. Hansell in the United States patented the idea of using arrays of hollow pipes or transparent rods to transmit images for television or facsimile systems.…
H.H.Hopkins and N.S.Kapnay in 1950’s used cladding fiber: Good image properties demonstrated for 75 cm long fiber…
Evolution of optical fiber Structure of optical fiber Workings principle of optical fiber Classification of optical fiber Optical fiber communication system Advantages / Disadvantages of Optical fiber Applications of Optical fiber Conclusion Evolution of optical fiber • • • • • • • 1880 – Alexander Graham Bell 1930 – Patents on tubing 1950 – Patent for two-layer glass wave-guide 1960 – Laser first used as light source 1965 – High loss of light discovered 1970s – Refining of manufacturing process 1980s – OF technology becomes backbone of long distance telephone networks in NA. What is optical Fiber? • An optical fiber is a hair thin cylindrical fiber of glass or any transparent dielectric medium.…
Technology over the past century has advanced greatly. Fibre optics however is being utilized since more than a hundred years. Optical fibre is a model that has evolved greatly over time. From guided transmission lights experiments to lasers and light emitting diodes (LED), and to dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM), the area under which optical fibre can be used has expanded. One of the modern and commonly used applications of fibre optics is high resolution visuals (HDTV) which has enabled us to view broadcasts at 1080p screen resolution which is a result of FTTc and FTTh (fibre to the curb) network. Satellites making use of fibre optics do not have to undergo lessening (fibreopticsinfo).…
An optical fiber is a fine fiber made of glass or plastic, which is designed to let light travel through its length. Communication using optical fiber technology is very much ‘in’ today, as it allows efficient and quick data transmission through different networks. This is sometimes even considered better than other wired and wireless networks.…
In November 1894 public demonstration at Town Hall of Kolkata, Jagadish Chandra Bose ignited gunpowder and rang a bell at a distance using millimetre range wavelength microwaves. Bose wrote in a Bengali essay, Adrisya Alok (Invisible Light), “The invisible light can easily pass through brick walls, buildings etc. Therefore, messages can be transmitted by means of it without the mediation of wires.” Bose’s first scientific paper, “On polarisation of electric rays by double-refracting crystals” was communicated to the Asiatic Society of Bengal in May 1895. His second paper was communicated to the Royal Society of London by Lord Rayleigh in October 1895. In December 1895, the London journal the Electrician (Vol. 36) published Bose’s paper, “On a new electro-polariscope”. At that time, the word 'coherer', coined by Lodge, was used in the English-speaking world for Hertzian wave receivers or detectors. The Electrician readily commented on Bose’s coherer. (December 1895). The Englishman (18 January 1896) quoted from the Electrician and commented as follows:”Should Professor Bose succeed in perfecting and patenting his ‘Coherer’, we may in time see the whole system of coast lighting throughout the navigable world revolutionised by a Bengali scientist working single handed in our Presidency College Laboratory.” Bose planned to “perfect his coherer” but never thought of patenting…