REAL OPTIONS: STATE OF THE PRACTICE by Alex Triantis‚ University of Maryland‚ and Adam Borison‚ Applied Decision Analysis/ PricewaterhouseCoopers1 n an economic environment characterized by rapid change‚ great uncertainty‚ and the need for flexibility‚ it has become increasingly important for corporate managers to use investment evaluation tools and processes that properly account for both uncertainty and the company’s ability to react to new information. Real options has emerged as an approach
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types of option contract‚ whether in exercising ability or difference in values ‚ And two types will be discussing in this presentation. Firstly‚ the American style of option contract‚ gives you the flexibility in using it and doing the transaction at any point of time up to the expiration day. Secondly‚ the European style of option contract‚ allows the investor to use the option only during the expiration day. And what really important is that all the options gives the investor the option but not
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and has gained some unrealized profits. He sees a bullish economy returning in the near future but would like to ensure that his profits are maintained even through minor volatility for the next six months. He plans to do this through investing in options and is considering several different strategies. 1. Assessment of the Six-Month Outlook for the Market Only four years prior to Michael’s considerations‚ there was a significant market crash lowering the average value of the Toronto Stock Exchange
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SHARE OPTIONS IN THE STOCKMARKET The principal business of stock exchanges is trade in physical shares‚ but they also trade in share options in the major stocks. An option gives the holder the right to buy or sell a share at a predetermined price at some point in the future – for example‚ the right to buy shares in three months’ time at a price set today. An option which gives the buyer the right to buy a share is a “call” option. An option which gives the buyer the right to sell a share is a
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compounded. A European-style call option is written on this stock with a $12 strike price and 8 months to expiry. a) b) c) d) Use the delta-hedging approach to price this call option. Use the risk-neutral valuation method to price this call option. Work recursively back through the Binomial tree‚ calculating the call option price at each node. Check that the option price at each node matches that calculated in part a. Again use the risk-neutral method to value this call option‚ but this time do not work
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International Capital Market (3IM) Lecture 9 Option versus Stock Investments • Could a call option strategy be preferable to a direct stock purchase? • Suppose you think a stock‚ currently selling for $100‚ will appreciate. • A 6-month call costs $10 (contract size is 100 shares). • You have $10‚000 to invest. • Strategy A: Invest entirely in stock. Buy 100 shares‚ each selling for $100. • Strategy B: Invest entirely in at-the-money call options. Buy 1‚000 calls‚ each selling for $10. (This would require
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Analyze a long call condor The long call condor is a volatility strategy which involves a combination of a short vertical call spread and a long vertical call spread. More specifically‚ the position requires the simultaneous sale of one out-of-the-money call and the purchase of a deeper out-of-the-money call‚ as well as the simultaneous sale of one in-the-money call and the purchase of a deeper in-the-money call. All of the options should have the same expiration date‚ with the play typically being
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forward price is $50 and taking a long position in a call option with a strike price of $50? In the first case the trader is obligated to buy the asset for $50. (The trader does not have a choice.) In the second case the trader has an option to buy the asset for $50. (The trader does not have to exercise the option.) Problem 1.4. Explain carefully the difference between selling a call option and buying a put option. Selling a call option involves giving someone else the right to buy an asset
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general terms‚ Sally’s Executive Stock Option decision. You should recognize this as an NPV problem that compares alternative future cash flows. What is the NPV of the cash alternative? The cash alternative being referred to here is the Telstar Communications option tranche on offer‚ the present value of which needs to be compared with that of the cash option. • • PV [Cash Option]: $5‚000.000 PV [Stock Options]: $11‚724.000 • Calculated using Black Scholes Option Valuation Model (approach / methodology
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14 OPTIONS AND CORPORATE FINANCE Answers to Concepts Review and Critical Thinking Questions 1. A call option confers the right‚ without the obligation‚ to buy an asset at a given price on or before a given date. A put option confers the right‚ without the obligation‚ to sell an asset at a given price on or before a given date. You would buy a call option if you expect the price of the asset to increase. You would buy a put option if you expect the price of the asset to decrease. A call option
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