TAXATION An involuntary fee levied on corporations or individuals that is enforced by a level of government in order to finance government activities. TAXES Compulsory monetary contribution to the state’s revenue‚ assessed and imposed by a government on the activities‚ enjoyment‚ expenditure‚ income‚ occupation‚ privilege‚ property‚ etc.‚ of individuals and organizations. A fee charged ("levied") by a government on a product‚ income‚ or activity. If tax is levied directly on personal or corporate
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Number: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Faculty of Law Academic year 2007-2008 THE LAW OF THE WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION Prof. Dr. Geert Van Calster and Prof. Dr. Jan Wouters EXAM 24 January 2008 READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY BEFOREHAND ! ! ! 1. This exam lasts maximum 3 hours. 2. This is an open-book exam which consists of 3 main questions (with subquestions). You may use any written‚ type-written or printed materials. 3. This exam contains 14 pages + 5 pages of attachments. Please indicate
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*44 Cehave N. v. v Bremer Handelsgesellschaft M.B.H. The Hansa Nord Court of Appeal 16 July 1975 [1975] 3 W.L.R. 447 [1976] Q.B. 44 Lord Denning M.R. ‚ Roskill and Ormrod L.JJ. 1975 June 10‚ 11‚ 12‚ 13‚ 16; July 16 Contract—Condition or warranty—Intermediate stipulation—Whether breach goes to root of contract—Carriage by sea—Stipulation for "shipment... in good condition" Sale of Goods—Description—Merchantable quality—Citrus pulp pellets for use in cattle food—Substantial part damaged—Rejection
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many societies and it is well-known that whatever individuals or organizations want to reduce tax payment and gain benefit by tax avoidance. The most common method for them is restructuring arrangements. Therefore‚ Inland Revenue Department (IRD) uses laws and cases to judge whether these arrangements are tax avoidance. In this case‚ tax avoidance is the main problem needs to be discussed. James Smith restructured the practice arrangement‚ which had a high probably to cause the problem of tax avoidance
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Question 1. One of the important concepts in Canadian taxation is integration. Discuss the mechanisms built into the Canadian tax system for Canadian controlled private corporations to allow for integration. In your discussion‚ include the taxes put into the system to prevent deferral‚ the dividend gross-up and dividend tax credit prior to 2014 and for tax years after 2013. Discuss both investment income and business income. Question 2. Memo To: Staff Accountant From: Manager
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today the rate of chronic diseases have skyrocketed‚ we need to come up with a solution to make healthier food available to the population. Although junk good producers may find that the tax is unfair. The overall result of taxation is to improve the health of our nation. If taxation of fast food was a reality today it will ultimately motivate producers and sellers to improve their products and provide the consumers with better options. The increased percent of obesity amongst Americans is alarming
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Commissioner vs. Pineda‚ 21 SCRA 105 When Atanasio Pineda died‚ his estate was divided among his wife and their 15 children. The eldest among the 15 children‚ Atty. Manuel Pineda had a share of P2‚500 but the BIR found out that the income tax return of the estate for the years 1945‚ 1946‚ 1947 and 1948 was not filed‚ so the collector of Internal Revenue issued an assessment and charged the full amount to the inheritance. The issue here is‚ can the Bureau of Internal Revenue collect the full amount
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SCHOOL OF ACCOUNTING AND LAW LAW2452 COMPANY LAW COURSE MANUAL Copies of copyright material in this compilation have been made in accordance with the provisions of section VB of the Copyright Act for the teaching purposes of the University. CONTENTS Course Syllabus 2 - 4 Topics (Topic 1 - 15) 5 - 17 Tutorial Questions (Questions 1 - 46)
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Notes for exam question 1 Chapter 1: social scientist have argued that issues of inequality‚ poverty and social exclusion cut across both social welfare and crime control domains‚ and noted that while some responses to these issues may become the focus of social welfare policies‚ others may become the focus of crime control interventions. Social justice then is neither the exclusive terrain of social welfare nor of crime control. The boundaries between these two domains tend to be mobile and
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Taxation of U.S. Non-Resident Aliens and Foreign Corporations Baker College of Muskegon Elizabeth Lamas Taxation of U.S. Non Resident Aliens and Foreign Corporations Throughout this quarter we have learned how different entities are taxed‚ but we have not learned how foreign corporations and nonresident aliens are taxed. The purpose of this research paper is to discuss the basic concepts of how these two entities are taxed in the United States. A foreign corporation is any corporation that
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