11. What Are Runs And Tumbles?
11. What are runs and tumbles? A run is when flagellum rotates counterclockwise and the cell swims in a smooth linear direction towards the stimulus. Runs are usually interrupted by tumbles because they occur when the flagella change direction.
12. Describe the makeup and functions of fimbriae. Fimbriae are used for interactions between cells. They are small and have bristle-like fibers that are located on the surface of the cell. Most fimbriae are made of protein that can make cells stick together or even to other surfaces. This forms a tight adhesion between the bacteria and the epithelial cells.
13. Describe the different types of pili found in bacteria. Include in your description the functions/purpose of each type of pili. Pili …show more content…
It can range anywhere for 20 to 80 micrometers thick. Gram-positive cell walls also contains tightly bound polysaccharides, such as teichoic acid. Teichoic acid is a polymer of ribitol or glycerol and phosphate. Lipoteichoic acid may also be present in gram-positive cell walls as this molecules binds to lipids in the cell membrane instead of proteins. The molecules found inside of the gram-positive cell wall function in cell wall maintenance, enlargement of the cell during cell division and allowing pathogenic cells to bind to host tissues. The cell wall of gram-positive cells adhere loosely to the membrane. There is a small space between where they join which is called periplasmic space. The periplasmic space is a temporary storage site of peptidoglycan …show more content…
Protoplasts are cells with a fragile membrane that can be easily susceptible to lysis. When gram-positive cells are exposed to the same chemicals, they lose their peptidoglycans but retain the outer membrane where they become what is called a spheroplast.
18. Describe the various functions of the bacterial cell membrane. There are various functions of the bacterial cell membrane. The bacterial cell membrane provides a site for energy reactions, nutrient processing and synthesis. It also allows the glycocalyx and cell wall to regulate what gets in and out of the cell. The membrane is also involved in secretion of metabolic products into the extracellular environment.
19. Explain why endospores are capable of surviving for a very long time. An endospore is a structure that allows certain bacterial species to be able to survive during adverse conditions. Endospores can withstand extremes in heat, drying, freezing, radiation and chemicals that would kill most other cells. Their survival is due to their ability to be heat resistant is due to a high content of calcium and dipicolinic acid. These compounds remove water and leave the cell dehydrated. Endospores also have a thick, impervious cortex and spore coat that protects against radiation and chemicals. An endospore can remain in the spore state for a long
12. Describe the makeup and functions of fimbriae. Fimbriae are used for interactions between cells. They are small and have bristle-like fibers that are located on the surface of the cell. Most fimbriae are made of protein that can make cells stick together or even to other surfaces. This forms a tight adhesion between the bacteria and the epithelial cells.
13. Describe the different types of pili found in bacteria. Include in your description the functions/purpose of each type of pili. Pili …show more content…
It can range anywhere for 20 to 80 micrometers thick. Gram-positive cell walls also contains tightly bound polysaccharides, such as teichoic acid. Teichoic acid is a polymer of ribitol or glycerol and phosphate. Lipoteichoic acid may also be present in gram-positive cell walls as this molecules binds to lipids in the cell membrane instead of proteins. The molecules found inside of the gram-positive cell wall function in cell wall maintenance, enlargement of the cell during cell division and allowing pathogenic cells to bind to host tissues. The cell wall of gram-positive cells adhere loosely to the membrane. There is a small space between where they join which is called periplasmic space. The periplasmic space is a temporary storage site of peptidoglycan …show more content…
Protoplasts are cells with a fragile membrane that can be easily susceptible to lysis. When gram-positive cells are exposed to the same chemicals, they lose their peptidoglycans but retain the outer membrane where they become what is called a spheroplast.
18. Describe the various functions of the bacterial cell membrane. There are various functions of the bacterial cell membrane. The bacterial cell membrane provides a site for energy reactions, nutrient processing and synthesis. It also allows the glycocalyx and cell wall to regulate what gets in and out of the cell. The membrane is also involved in secretion of metabolic products into the extracellular environment.
19. Explain why endospores are capable of surviving for a very long time. An endospore is a structure that allows certain bacterial species to be able to survive during adverse conditions. Endospores can withstand extremes in heat, drying, freezing, radiation and chemicals that would kill most other cells. Their survival is due to their ability to be heat resistant is due to a high content of calcium and dipicolinic acid. These compounds remove water and leave the cell dehydrated. Endospores also have a thick, impervious cortex and spore coat that protects against radiation and chemicals. An endospore can remain in the spore state for a long