12 Chemistry in Every Day Life
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CHEMISTRY IN EVERY DAY LIFE
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Explain the different classifications of drugs. Classifications of drugs: Drugs are classified in different ways. i) On the basis of drug action: Based on the actions of drugs on particular biochemical processes they are classified as i) Antibacterials iv) Sedatives and tranquilizers ii) Antibiotics v) Cardio vascular drugs iii) Hypnotics vi) Antiseptics etc.
ii) On the basis of molecular targets: Biomolecules like Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids etc. react with dugs. These biomolecules are called drug targets or simply target molecules. iii) On the basis of chemical structure: The drugs with some common structural features generally show similar pharmacological activity. Ex: Sulphonamides have common structural feature. So they have same chemotherapeutic action. 2. Discuss about (i) analgesics and (ii) antipyretics. Ans: Analgesics: Analgesics either reduce or totally abolish pain without causing disturbances of nervous system. These are classified as a) Narcotic analgesics: These are most potent and clinically useful agents causing depression of central nervous system and at the same time act as strong analgesics. Ex: Morphine, Codeine, Heroin etc. The term narcotic drugs now mean addictive drugs. When these are administered in medicinal doses, relieve pain and produce sleep. In high doses they produce coma, convulsions and finally death. Uses: These analgesics are chiefly used for the relief of post operative pain, cardiac pain, cancer pain, cough and induce sleep in the presence of pain.
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www.sakshieducation.com b) Non - narcotic analgesics: These drugs are analgesics but they have no addictive properties. Their analgesic use is limited to mild aches and pains like backache and headache. Ex: Aspirin, Ibuprofen etc. Aspirin: Chemically aspirin is ortho acetyl salicylic acid. Preparation: Acetylation of salicylic acid with acetic
CHEMISTRY IN EVERY DAY LIFE
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Explain the different classifications of drugs. Classifications of drugs: Drugs are classified in different ways. i) On the basis of drug action: Based on the actions of drugs on particular biochemical processes they are classified as i) Antibacterials iv) Sedatives and tranquilizers ii) Antibiotics v) Cardio vascular drugs iii) Hypnotics vi) Antiseptics etc.
ii) On the basis of molecular targets: Biomolecules like Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids etc. react with dugs. These biomolecules are called drug targets or simply target molecules. iii) On the basis of chemical structure: The drugs with some common structural features generally show similar pharmacological activity. Ex: Sulphonamides have common structural feature. So they have same chemotherapeutic action. 2. Discuss about (i) analgesics and (ii) antipyretics. Ans: Analgesics: Analgesics either reduce or totally abolish pain without causing disturbances of nervous system. These are classified as a) Narcotic analgesics: These are most potent and clinically useful agents causing depression of central nervous system and at the same time act as strong analgesics. Ex: Morphine, Codeine, Heroin etc. The term narcotic drugs now mean addictive drugs. When these are administered in medicinal doses, relieve pain and produce sleep. In high doses they produce coma, convulsions and finally death. Uses: These analgesics are chiefly used for the relief of post operative pain, cardiac pain, cancer pain, cough and induce sleep in the presence of pain.
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www.sakshieducation.com b) Non - narcotic analgesics: These drugs are analgesics but they have no addictive properties. Their analgesic use is limited to mild aches and pains like backache and headache. Ex: Aspirin, Ibuprofen etc. Aspirin: Chemically aspirin is ortho acetyl salicylic acid. Preparation: Acetylation of salicylic acid with acetic