The family in charge for the establishment of Maryland was the Calverts. Primarily Roman Catholic, the Calvert’s at the onset did not establish the Maryland colony as an asylum or refuge for Catholics. Rather fist and foremost the colony was established as a commercial enterprise, with profit, not religion as the primary impulse. Cecil Calvert, who was in charge of colonization, made sure that religious tolerance as a key element in the Maryland Design. He realized that to achieve success in the New World he had to be open minded about religion. Cecil’s brother Leonard Calvert was deputized as governor for the new Maryland colony. In February 1635, he summoned the first assembly and in the following years he passed the Maryland Toleration Act that allowed freedom of worship for all Trinitarian Christians.…
2.Why did these religiously oriented colonists establish a prison and a cemetery among their first public institutions? What do these institutions acknowledge about human…
Religious views and importance differentiated greatly between the two colonies. New Englanders, the area in which the Massachusetts Bay Colony settled, came to America to exercise religious beliefs that were not allowed before the English Civil War and after the Restoration. They were made up of Protestant sects, mostly Puritans. This religion defined almost every aspect of New England life. Religion was much less significant in Virginia. The main church was the Anglican Church of England, however church attendance and rules did not dictate settlers' actions or goals.…
As the 1630’s came into the world, documented charters materialized into homes, farms, and churches that created the colonies of the New World. The thriving settlers made it their goal to speed up the process of the reformation of their church, as worship was a ritual part of their everyday life. The clergymen lead the colony both in church and in everyday life, as they were the most respected profession at that time. As the colonies grew larger in size, the settlers farmed the essential crops that the land could provide and traded both locally and through a transatlantic route to the motherland, Great Britain. The Puritan religious views helped influence the economic and political systems in New England, as well as the social development.…
Protestantism became the main religion in England after Queen Elizabeth fought for freedom of religion against Roman Catholics. To escape persecution, Roman Catholics immigrated to the New World. This is where Lord Baltimore fought for refuge and made it possible for anyone to practice any religion (doc a). In 1649, the Act Concerning Religion was passed by the Maryland colony. This act states that no one that believes in Jesus Christ shall be in any way troubled or disliked for or in respect to his religion, nor should they be compelled to the belief or exercise of any other religion against their consent (doc a). The Protestants and Catholics show how religion has contributed to colonial society.…
“In 1652 a group of planters disgruntled about high colonial taxes and poor communications with the Virginia government described the ‘Countie of Northampton as disjointed and sequestered from the rest of Virginia’” (T.H. Breen, “Myne owne ground”). The separation from Jamestown and the rest of Virginia allowed the people in the Chesapeake counties to create their own government and guidelines. The population of the Northampton planters composed of, “…the lesser gentry of many western European nations. They were perhaps a bit poorer and less polished than were their counterparts in England and France” (T.H. Breen, “Myne owne ground”).…
Although New England and the Chesapeake region were both settled largely by the people of English origin, by 1700 the regions had evolved into two distinct societies. The reasons for this distinct development were mostly based on the type on people from England who chose to settle in the two areas, and on the manner in which the areas were settled. <br><br>New England was a refuge for religious separatists leaving England, while people who immigrated to the Chesapeake region had no religious motives. As a result, New England formed a much more religious society then the Chesapeake region. John Winthrop states that their goal was to form "a city upon a hill", which represented a "pure" community, where Christianity would be pursued in the most correct manner. Both the Pilgrims and the Puritans were very religious people. In both cases, the local government was controlled by the same people who controlled the church, and the bible was the basis for all laws and regulations. From the Article of Agreement, Springfield, Massachusetts it is clear that religion was the basis for general laws. It uses the phrase "being by God's providence engaged together to make a plantation", showing that everything was done in God's name. The Wage and Price Regulations in Connecticut is an example of common laws being justified by the bible. Also in this document the word "community " is emphasized, just as Winthrop emphasizes it saying: "we must be knit together in this work as one man". The immigrants to New England formed very family and religiously oriented communities. Looking at the emigrant lists of people bound for New England it is easy to observe that most people came in large families, and large families support the community atmosphere. There were many children among the emigrants, and those children were taught religion from their early childhood, and therefore grew up loyal to the church, and easily controllable by the same. Any deviants from the regime were silenced or…
This was the first time that a colony allowed for religious toleration. To further strengthen this principle, the Maryland Assembly passed the Maryland Toleration Act in 1649. This act protected all Christian based religions from persecution. However the Protestants repealed it in 1654, and once again Catholics and many non-Puritan societies were persecuted, but in 1658, the Calvert family once again gained control and re-instituted the Toleration Act. This is very important to America because this developed and influenced the most important characteristic of the United States, religious freedom. Religious freedom is one of the basic human rights defined in the Constitution and Declaration of Independence, and the Catholic influenced Toleration Act was the major stepping stone to that freedom. The struggles that Catholics made to keep that act, represents the same struggles America fights with to keep the same freedom (The Maryland Toleration…
This book is a short biography about John Winthrop. In this book Morgan outlines how Winthrop struggled with the dilemma, first internally, as he dealt with the question of whether traveling to the New World represented a selfish form of separatism, the desire to separate himself from an impure England, or whether, as he eventually determined, it offered a unique opportunity to set an example for all men by establishing a shining city upon a hill, a purer Christian community in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In this regard, it seems to have been of vital importance to Winthrop and his fellow Puritan colonists that they had the approval of the King and that though they were physically distancing themselves from the Church of England, they were not actually renouncing it.…
The New England, southern, and middle colonies were all extremely different. For example, slavery was extremely more prominent in some places than others. Some colonies’ religion was more diverse, nevertheless everyone’s life was centered around religion. How would you feel if your life was practically controlled by your religion? Some of the reasons settlers established colonies in North America were because people wanted a place to practice their religion freely, the colonies were a refuge for the indentured servants, or businessmen wanting to gain money from North America’s resources. While mostly similar in the hunt for religious freedom, profits, and refuges,…
Another democratic feature of colonial America was the freedom of religion. Maryland’s Act of Toleration was one of many laws in the colonies that protected colonist’s religious rights (Doc. 1). Some colonies where founded just so people could be granted their religious freedom. Maryland was founded as a safe haven for Catholics to escape persecution. Colonies like Rhode Island and Pennsylvania were also founded as a way for people to practice their religions freely. Religious freedom was one of the most democratic aspects of colonial life.…
The first settlers in this country were emigrants from England, of the English church, just at a point of time when it was flushed with complete victory over the religious of all other persuasions. Possessed, as they became, of the powers of making, administering, and executing the laws, they shewed equal intolerance in this country with their Presbyterian brethren, who had emigrated to the northern government. The poor Quakers were flying from persecution in England. They cast their eyes on these new countries as asylums of civil and religious freedom; but they found them free only for the reigning sect. Several acts of the Virginia assembly of 1659, 1662, and 1693, had made it penal in parents to refuse to have their children baptized; had prohibited the unlawful assembling of Quakers; had made it penal for any master of a vessel to bring a Quaker into the state; had ordered those already here, and such as should come thereafter, to be imprisoned till they should abjure the country; provided a milder punishment for their first and second return, but death for their third; had inhibited all persons from suffering their meetings in or near their houses, entertaining them individually, or disposing of books which supported their tenets. If no capital execution took place here, as did in New England, it was not owing to the moderation of the church, or spirit of the legislature, as may be inferred from the law itself; but to historical circumstances which have not been handed down to us. The Anglicans retained full possession of the country about a century. Other opinions began then to creep in, and the great care of the government to support their own church, having begotten an equal degree of indolence in its clergy, two-thirds of the people had become dissenters at the commencement of the present revolution. The laws indeed were still oppressive on them, but the spirit of the one party had subsided into moderation, and of the other had risen to a degree of…
During the seventeenth and eighteenth century in North America, toleration for religious differences did increase. North America was an area of the world that was considered much more tolerating of different religious groups than in other parts of the world. There were many reasons for this, and just some of them had to do with Jonathon Edwards, a radical preacher during this time period, the Maryland Toleration Act, a law that was passed in 1649, and Roger Williams, who was a pastor that wanted his followers to break away from the Anglicans.…
Hall, Timothy L. "The City on a Hill and Its Detractors and Alternatives: 1621–1659." Religion in America, American Experience. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007. American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. (accessed November 8, 2012)…
One of the reasons why Winthrop preached this sermon was to project his visions of his perfect society onto his fellow Puritans. Different from the pilgrims who had travelled to North America, Winthrop and his followers had not separated from the church. They hoped to establish a pure church that would act as a model for the churches in England. The Puritans believed that this church would reform English society, on both continents, and help change things for the better. These ideas were emphasized in Winthrop’s “city upon a hill” preaching’s.…