Detective Jones wanted to change this and tried to keep peace in his small town. At this time everyone took care of their own, but as societies grew into states, dominance hierarchies re-emerged to control sprawling populations. Mr. Jones wanted to break the cycle and get his family away from all this so they moved to England. This is where he became a watchmen. Watchmen were organized groups of men, usually authorized by a state, government, city, or society, to deter criminal activity and provide law enforcement as well as traditionally perform the services of public saftey, crime prevention, crime detection , and protection of stolen goods. Watchmen have existed since earliest recorded times in various guises throughout the world and were generally succeeded by the emergence of formally organized professional policing. Night watchmen patrolled the streets between 9 or 10 pm until sunrise, and were expected to examine all suspicious characters. Constables were required to apprehend anyone accused of a felony, and bring them before a justice of the peace. They also had a general responsibility to keep the peace, but there was no expectation that they should investigate or prosecute crimes. Night watchmen patrolled the streets between 9 or 10 pm until sunrise, and were expected to examine all suspicious characters. In the City of London, daytime patrols were conducted by the City Marshall and the beadles. Like the night watch, their primary responsibilities were to apprehend minor offenders and to act as a deterrent against more serious offences. Over the course of the eighteenth century, however, the arrangements by which men served as constables and watchmen changed significantly, in ways which altered how felons were detected and apprehended. Traditionally, householders served in the office of constable by appointment or rotation. During their year of office they performed their duties part-time alongside their normal employment. Similarly, householders were expected to serve by rotation on the nightly watch. From the late seventeenth century, however, many householders avoided these obligations by hiring deputies to serve in their place. As this practice increased, some men were able to make a living out of acting as deputy constables or as paid night watchmen. In the case of the watch, this procedure was formalised in many parts of London by the passage of "Watch Acts", which replaced householders' duty of service by a tax levied specifically for the purpose of hiring full-time watchmen. Some voluntary prosecution societies also hired men to patrol their areas.
The advent of salaried constables and watchmen meant that several characteristics of a modern police force were already present in eighteenth-century London. The streets were regularly patrolled by men whose job it was to prevent crime and arrest suspects. These men walked regular beats, and some wore uniforms. The evidence from the Proceedings suggests that men employed in these roles increasingly spoke self-consciously in terms of their “duty”. While they were more experienced than the part-time householders they replaced, because they were low paid and the job was of a low status, they were not necessarily more respected or more effective. Indeed, there were concerns that some paid watchmen and constables developed too close a relationship with the underworld they were supposed to police,and many believed that such officers were corrupt. This was especially true of those officers who became, or were linked to, the practice of thief-taking. Mr. Jones worked hard to provide for his family and he wanted to teach his sons what hard work was. Even though the pay at times wasnt' good and that at times they had little to no respet givin which is still the same today. |When Sir Robert Peel returned from Ireland He created the British Metroplitan Police. During the 1820s, mounting crime levels and increasing political and industrial disorder prompted calls for reform, led by Sir Robert Peel, which culminated in the demise of the watchmen and their replacement by a uniformed metropolitan police force.
At this time Mr. Jones wondered what he was going to do because he was the only one that could provide for his family at this time. Britain’s population gradually increased so did the number of crimes that were committed. This meant that law and order also had to improve. ‘Bow Street Runners’ were appointed in London and the Thames river police were set up in 1800. But whenever there was a serious problem in London the government called the army in. The Metropolitan Police Force was established, by Act of Parliament, in 1829 by the then Home Secretary, Sir Robert Peel. Two Commissioners of Police for the Metropolis were appointed. An establishment of 895 constables, 88 sergeants, 20 inspectors and 8 superintendents were recruited. This force grew within one year to 3,000 men, organized into seven divisions, policing the metropolitan area. This excluded the City of London, where a separate city police force was established in 1832. The civilian nature of the force was emphasized in the uniforms; black stovepipe hats and blue swallowtail coats. Recruits had to be under thirty-five, at least five feet seven inches tall, physically fit, literate, and of good character. Many recruits were former soldiers or sailors, and came from outside London. Even after the creation of the Metropolitan Police the role of the individual victim remained central in identifying offenders to the authorities and prosecuting them. It was only very gradually that the police assumed full responsibility for prosecuting offenders. Nevertheless the state invested enormous faith in its new police. In 1839 a second Metropolitan Police Act confirmed the institution’s continuing existence, extended its jurisdiction from ten to fifteen miles from
Charring Cross and increased its establishment to 4300 men. The Act also abolished the post of constable in the employment of the old magistrates’ offices. At the same time another Act created a similar police organization for the square mile of the City of London. The preventive policies of the New Police probably had a significant impact reducing minor public offenses such as drunkenness and street fighting – the kinds of offenses that were heard before magistrates rather than at the Old Bailey. But it soon became apparent that a detective force was needed to work in conjunction with the uniformed, beat patrol officers. Authority was given for the creation of a distinct detective force within the Metropolitan Police in 1842. Mr. Jones was able to work in his professional field of detective work. Soon after during the 1916 Mr. Jones sons moved to Ireland where they were part of the Easter Uprising. On Easter Monday 1916, a group of Irish nationalists staged a rebellion against the occupying British government in Ireland, in an attempt to establish and Irish Republic. It was from here that one of the rising’s leaders, Patrick Pearse, proclaimed that Ireland was now an independent republic and that a provisional government had been set up. Several days of fighting between the rebels and British troops ensued. Many of the rebels were members of a nationalist group called the Irish Volunteers, or a smaller more radical group, the Irish Citizen Army. Within a week, the British had declared martial law across the country and suppressed the rebellion leaving around 450 dead and more than 2,000 injured. Much of Dublin’s center was also destroyed. One Of which he sons had been killed. The rising was also a factor in the establishment of the Irish Free State – now the Republic of Ireland – in 1922, following a treaty agreement in 1921. On Easter Sunday, March 26, there was a remembrance ceremony in the Garden of Remembrance, in Parnell Square, Dublin. A parade went through the Dublin, stopping at the city’s general post office to mark the day. There was also a State event attended by the Taoiseach for relatives of those who participated in the Rising. After all this tragedy and everything the family had been through they decided to migrate towards Canada in hopes for a better life and beginning. The Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) was created in 1816, and initially staffed mainly by Irish-born men. However, toward the 1900s, and especially afterward, the RIC recruited men from countries such as England, Scotland, Wales, and the United State.
The history of the Royal Irish Constabulary [RIC] is often overlooked in traditional criminology textbooks but it is an important stage, if for no other reason than the fact that this force would serve as the blueprint for Canada’s own national force, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. The RIC is also important because Ireland, as a British colony, became a laboratory for Peel’s very first experiment in creating modern policing and the RIC’s successes and failures reveal some of the deepest dynamics involved in policing. Canada’s first Prime Minister, John A. MacDonald, specifically asked Britain for their blueprint for the RIC when creating the Northwest Mounted Police—the forerunner to today’s Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)—and he appointed an RIC officer as the Northwest Mounted Police’s first leader. Additionally, the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary was also modeled after the RIC with ex-RIC officers as its first three commanders and the British Columbia Provincial Police (disbanded in 1950) was created by a former RIC officer. The RCMP now continues this export tradition by itself setting up police forces in Anglo-American colonies around the globe including controversial training programs in Iraq, Afghanistan and Haiti. Overall, what is different from police work now than a decade ago? Today’s officers must be more aware of the global situation than officers from the previous decade. With the rise of terrorism and the international scale of events, officers must be able to understand, assist and support a united anti-terror effort here in the U.S. than at any time in the past 20 years. Thanks largely in part to the efforts of men like Sir Robert Peel, the field of criminology has expanded greatly, paving the way for new innovations and establishing new opportunities for rewarding careers in law enforcement and criminal justice. It is important to examine the history of policing in order to understand how it has progressed and changed overtime. It is important to examine the history of policing in the United States in order to understand how it has progressed and changed over time.
Work Cited
www.telegraph.co.uk ›
HTTP://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_Service
https://www.oldbaileyonline.org/static/Policing.jsp
Beckett; Module 1, pg.4 SOC1 2067
Beckett, Module 1, pg.7 SOC1 2067
Beckett, Module 1 pg. 12 SOC1 2067