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2 Morphology

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2 Morphology
2. MORPHEMIC STRUCTURE OF THE WORD (МОРФЕМНАЯ СТРУКТУРА СЛОВА)

Определение морфемы. Слово и морфема; их соотношение в уровневой системе языка. Единицы промежуточного статуса между морфемой и словом. Традиционная классификация морфем, их позици­онная и семантическая характеристики. Корень и аффиксы. Лексические (словообразовательные, деривационные) и грамматические (словоизменительные, служебные) морфемы. Анализ морфемного состава слова по непосредственным составляющим. Грамматическая значимость деривационных аффиксов; лексические (словообразовательные) парадигмы. Особенности грамматических аффиксов (флексий) в английском языке. Внешняя и внутренняя флексия. «Алло-эмическая теория» в морфологии: соотношение морфов, алломорфов и морфем. Дистрибутивный анализ в морфологии: контрастная, неконтрастная, дополнительная дистрибуция. Дистрибутивная классификация морфем: морфемы пустые и полные (понятие нулевой морфемы), свободные и связанные, открытые и скрытые, сегментные и сверхсегментные, аддитивные и заместительные, непре­рывные и разрывные. Оценка дистрибутивных типов морфем.

Key terms: intermediary units, field approach, significative (meaning), intermediary phenomenon (phenomena), root, affix, lexical (derivational, word-building) affix, grammatical (functional, word-changing) affix, outer inflexion, inner inflexion, suppletivity, the IC analysis, allo-emic theory, morph, allomorph, distribution (complementive, contrastive, non-constrastive), distributional analysis, full and empty morphemes, free and bound morphemes, overt and covert morphemes, segmental and suprа-segmental morphemes, additive and replacive morphemes, continuous and discontinuous morphemes As shown in the previous unit, the morpheme is the elementary meaningful lingual unit built up from phonemes and used to make words. It has meaning, but its meaning is abstract, significative, not concrete, or nominative, as is that of the word. Morphemes constitute the words; they do not exist outside

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