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4 Categorial structure of the word

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4 Categorial structure of the word
4. CATEGORIAL STRUCTURE OF THE WORD (КАТЕГОРИАЛЬНАЯ СТРУКТУРА СЛОВА)

Грамматическое значение и средства его выражения. Парадигматическое соотнесение индивидуальных грамматических форм. Грамматическая категория как система выражения обобщенного (категориального) грамматического значения. Оппозиционный анализ грамматических категорий. Теория оппозиций. Типы оппозиций: оппози­ции бинарные и сверхбинарные (тернарные, квартернарные и т.д.); привативные, градуальные и эквиполентные оппозиции. Оппозиции в грамматике. Привативные бинарные оппозиции как основной тип оппозиций в грамматике. Сильный (маркированный, положительный) и слабый (немаркированный, отрицательный) члены оппозиции; их формальные и функциональные признаки. Грамматическая категория в функционировании: контекстная редукция оппозиции (оппозиционное замещение). Два типа оппозиционной редукции: нейтрализация и транспозиция. Синтетические и аналитические грамматические формы. Виды синтетических грамматических форм: внешняя флексия, внутренняя флексия, супплетивизм. Принцип идентификации аналитической грамматической формы; грамматический идиоматизм аналитических форм. Типы грамматических категорий: имманентные и рефлективные ка­тегории, закрытые и трансгрессивные категории, категории постоянно­го признака и категории переменного признака.
Key terms: category, grammatical category, individual grammatical form (meaning), categorial grammatical meaning, paradigmatic opposition, common features, differential features, binary and supra-binary oppositions, privative (equipollent, gradual) oppositions, formal mark (marker), strong (marked, positive) member of the opposition, weak (unmarked, negative) member of the opposition, reduction of the opposition (transposition, neutralization), synthetical forms, outer inflection, inner inflection, suppletive forms (suppletivity), analytical forms, grammatical idiomatism, immanent category, reflective category, transgressive category, closed category, constant

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