4 WORDSWORTH

WORDSWORTH
ÖNSÖZ’ün özeti (internetten)
Wordsworth’s Preface to the Lyrical Ballads declares the dawn of English Romantic Movement. Wordsworth and Coleridge, with the publication of the Lyrical Ballads, break away with the neo-classical tendencies in poetry. As the reading people are not familiar with his new type of poetry, Wordsworth puts forward a preface to this book. In this preface, he tells us about the form and contents of this new type of poetry. (18.yy)
In wordsworth the existing social and educational structure is artifical, full of inert custom and hypocrisy. Nature is beter teacher then boks.

Wordsworth thinks that the language of the Augustan poetry is highly artificial and sophisticated. That is why he suggests a new language for Romantic poetry. This is why he suggests a new language for Romantic poetry. He, in collaboration with his friend Coleridge, begins to write poem for the people of all classes in contrast to neo-classics do.
Wordsworth thinks that poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. To him, the intensity of feelings is more important than the form.

To make poetry life like, he wants to use the language of common people as the common people express their feeling unfeignedly. But he tells about a selection, because common people use gross and unrefined language. So, he will purify the language of rustic people until it is ready for use. Wordsworth seems to contradict his own views as he prefers a selection to the original language spoken by the rustic people. (hem şiirde gündelik dili savunuyor hem de bu dil için bazı seçimlerden bahsediyor, Çelişki var.)
He maintains that poetry is more philosophical than any other branch of knowledge. He likes the poet to a prophet who is endowed with a greater knowledge of life and nature.
The neo-classical poets consider the province of poetry to be the world of fictions. But for Wordsworth the province of poetry is the world of truth,
Wordsworth like Samuel Johnson believes that only “the manifestations of general truth”

The neo-classical writers think that the poet’s mind is a sensitive but passive recorder of a natural phenomenon. But Wordsworth strongly opposes this view and thinks that the mind of the poet is never a passive recorder. In his view, the poet’s mind half creates the external world which he perceives. The external world is thus, in some degree, the very creation of human mind. The poet’s mind and the external nature are both interlinked and interdependent.

NOTES
According to neo-classical rules; to find ispritaion is important but for Wordsw. the emotions, experiences and speech of ordinary persons.. he values naturaleness and spontaneity, poetry should begin with acts of self-expressions
The language of rural folk has a richer reality then that of city-dwellers
By directing attention to ballads, folklore and other materials (unpeotical ones) Words. expands the range of subjects for poetry.

PREFACE
There would be found no discordance(uyumsuzluk) in the colours of our style, as our opinions on the subject of poetry do almost entirely coincide(bir olmak).
Certain classes of ideas and expressions will be excluded.(focusing on some ideas causes leaving some ideas.
Poems should choose incidents and situations from common life and describe them in a selection of language really used by men and to throw over them a certain colouring of imagination. Ordinary things should be presented to the mind in an unsual way.
(şiirin olayları gerçek hayattan seçilmeli, günlük dille aktarılmalı ve hayalgücüyle süslenmeli. Sıradan konular sıra dışı şekilde sunulmalı) every poem has a purpose. (alışkanlıklarım duygularımı şekillendirir ve bir amaç doğurur gibi bir şey) bir karşılaştırma yapıyor: poems from the popular poetry of the day gives importance to the action and situation and NOT the action and st. to the feeling(which w.w. do) sheakespeare are neglected(ihmal ediliyor) but frantic novels, sickly and stupid German Tragedies are given importance (ve bu saçmalıklar okunuyor) [yapay ed. gerçek edebiyatın yerini alıyor diye kızıyor] language’de personification (kişileştirme)ye karşı çıkıyor. To adopt the lang. of men’i savunuyor.
Poetic diction(şiirsel söyleyiş) (yine lang. Of men’in kullanılması gereğini savunuyor)
Poem should written with laws of metre and rhyme, otherwise does not differ from prose
What is poet? To whom does he address himself? He is a man speaking to men: a man endued(giydirilmiş) with more lovely sensibility more enthusiasm(coşku) and tenderness(duyarlılık), who has a great knowledge of human nature and a more comprehesive soul. A man pleased with his own passions.
For poems: From the structure of his own mind arise in him without immediate external excitement. (şiir illaki dışarıdan tetiklenerek yazılan bir faaliyet değildir, öncelik her zaman şairin duygusunda, içselliğindedir.)
What then does the poet? He considers man in his own nature as contemplating(iyice düşünmek) this with a certain quantity of immediate knowledgewith certain convictions(görüş) which by habit become of the nature of intuitions(sezgiler)
He considers man and nature as essentially adapted to each other and the mind of man as naturally the mirror of the fairest and most interesting qualities of nature.
Poetry is the first and last of all knowledge(ölümsüzdür)
Şair bir başka karakterin diliyle sesiyle konuştuğu zaman evrensellikten uzaklaşır.
(eğer çok kuvvetli bir şeyle karşılaşıyorsanız onu toplayacak bir araca ihtiyacınız vardır, metre’i bu yüzden kullanıyoruz) iki şiiri örnek veriyor ikisinin arasındaki fark metre’dan language’den ya da the order of the words’den kaynaklanmıyor ama matter’dan kaynaklanıyor.

Sonuç olarak romantism akımı bu önsözle neo-classism’e karşıt olarak doğuyor. Şiire yeni özellikler getiriyo.