ACSM Position Stand

5. Based on the ACSM Position Stand: Progression Models in Resistance Training for Health Adults (and what you have learned and discussed), what key recommendations would you make if you were developing a similar position stand for Pediatric populations?

Pediatric population can safely participate in supervised resistance training programs; the focus is on developing proper exercise dose and technique. Generally, the recommendation for resistance training includes a moderate intensity (60-80) of estimated 1 RM 8 to 15 repetition for one to three sets. Children and adolescents should participate in exercises that promote muscle strength for two or three days per week . Youth who cannot reach this recommendation dose should over
time gradually increase their frequency and duration of the exercises until he/she can reach this activity goal. Several concerns should be considered such as skills and mechanics should be properly learned from a qualified fitness professional in order to prevent injury and to encourage their success. Examples of appropriate strength exercises are exercises with dumbbells, medicine balls, and elastic bands. Also, children should be able to properly fit the equipment being used for training.

6.
Discuss the validity and reliability of Clinical tests (within a controlled setting such as laboratory environment) versus Field tests (non-lab setting such as a field, track, gym). Which provides more accurate results conducive to an individual and which is preferred when attempting to apply the results to a real-world scenario?

Clinical tests provide more accurate measurements utilizing controlled environment. It could be used to measure some physiological variables includes the VO2 max, blood lactates, and ventilatory threshold. However, it may not be practical and costs a lot of money and time. Field test can be conduct by an athlete or coach in convenient environment; it is costs and time-effective. Thus, it is preferred when attempting to apply the results to a real-world scenario. However, limited parameter can be measured using field test and may not be reliable or accurate as clinical test (Sweet, & Wheatiy, 2013).

8. If you were asked to measure Muscular Strength, Muscular Endurance, Cardiovascular Endurance, Flexibility and Body Composition for Junior High students what tests would you choose and why? Defend your decision based on Validity and Reliability. (Assume that you have access to all forms of tests
available).

Cardiorespiratory Endurance test 20m Multistage Fitness Test (Beep Test). In this test the participants run between two lines 20 meter spaced out to recorded beeps. This test is valid to measure the Vo2 max, as the correlation to actual VO2max scores is high . The beep test is also reliable test when the factors that affect performance such as environmental differences, clothing and running surfaces being controlled (Léger, & Lambert,1982) .
Muscular Strength Repetition Maximum Tests. Determining their one-repetition-maximum (1RM) give an accurate indication of current strength level. One-repetition-maximum is practical test and cost and time effective as it does not required any equipment. Muscular Endurance Push Up. Push up test is valid test to measure upper body strength and endurance. No equipment is required to do the test. Also, many participants could be tested at one time. The score of the test appears to be consistent however, the reliability relay on the way it is administered.

Flexibility Sit and Reach test. This test is valid measure of the flexibility of the lower back and hamstrings muscle. The reliability of sit and reach test affected by period of warm-up, the order of the test ,and repeat the same circumstances each time the test is performed.
Body Composition Electrical impedance. This method of body composition analysis is very easy and quick to perform. The study conducted by Hurst, Walsh, Conlon, Ingram, and Kruger(2015) revealed that Electrical impedance is a valid method in population samples and showed an excellent reliability