Abortion on Young Teens

Abortion on Young Teenagers
Final Paper

Name: Rose Allen
Teacher: John Roland
Springfield College
Class: Issue and Research
Due Date: April1, 2012

Abstract

The topic that I will be discussing will be about the cause and effect that abortion has on young teens; however teens go through a phase around the ages of thirteen and nineteen. The main population that I would be focusing on is the African American teenage girls. Sometimes these teen are so overwhelm that they forget how to make decision on an everyday basis, therefore they decide to get abortion, however instead of them trying to solve their problems. The reason they get abortion is because they think this is a better choice. Abortion can have many complications after having abortion. The process after having abortion it can affect them physically, mentally and psychological. The reso urce that I will be using is the interview method. As a researcher I want to know the cause and effect of abortion. I expect to find other alternatives and options instead of abortion.

Table of Content

Cover Page
Abstract
Table of Content
Introduction
Definition of Terms
Review of Literature
Annotated Article
Comparative Review
Method
Research Design (Action Research)
Findings
Conclusion
Reference
Appendixes

Introduction

The topic that I will be focusing on is abortion on young teenagers. I am explaining the cause and effect on how young teenagers choose to get abortion. The age group that I’m basing my information off of is African American girls from the ages13 to 19. Most of these girls put themselves in danger when they proceeding with this procedure. One reason that abortion is dangerous to these girls is because there body is under developed this can cause serious issues.
There are lot of complication that can affect these girls physically, mentally and psychological. However there are many effects that abortion can have if procedure is unsuccessful. To my understanding they are not aware of these problems and until later when it happens to them. Instead of getting abortion there are other options that are available. One option is adoption this means to give the child to a person who can care for them. Another option is using contraception instead of having unprotected sex. The method that I will be using is the interview. My research question: What is the cause and effect on teen’s girls that get abortions?

Definition of Terms: Depo-Provera Shot, Ortho Evra Patch, Condoms, Adoption, Celibate * Depo-Provera Shot- Is a shot that is given every three month. The purpose of this method is to exclude any women from reproducing a child. * Ortho Evra Patch- The patch is a skin patch worn on the lower abdomen, buttocks or upper body that releases the hormones progestin and estrogen into the bloodstream to prevent ovulation. * CONDOMS- Is a latex rubber that helps prevent two things pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease. There are male condoms and females condoms. * Adoption- Is when the parent gives up their rights to another family who can give them a better life. * Celibate- Is a person who decides not to have sexual contact of any source.

Review of Literature

The main purpose of this article was to let readers know about the issue that teens face. The issue is that teens are getting abortion and due to that they try to cope, however it becomes a stressor as a result, consequently the disorder is called post traumatic stress. This is when a person develops as a result of a terribly frightening, life-threatening, or otherwise highly unsafe experience. To me this article talks about all the aspect of abortion dealing with stress. The reason is because the author explains the cause and effect of having abortion. The supporting details include flashbacks, guilt, feelings of horror; fear and helplessness were the main ideas from my understanding. The author stays on point and doesn’t drift to irrelevant information. All the information that she presented was excellent. On the other hand she provided examples to support her main ideas. The result is that these teen girls are getting abortion not realizing the cause when abortion is completed. Most teens hide their feeling to get abortion so that they have no attachment with their fetus. After having abortion teens sometimes show awful behaviors and sexual behaviors as well. Abortion can have risk factors such as suicide due to emotions, thoughts this hinders them of being able to function in today’s society, and consequently teens decide to take life into their own hands. Another risk factor is child bearing too many abortion eventually as teen grow into a woman she is unable to bear a child. The reason is very simply most teen have received at least two abortion in their teen years; therefore their body is very damaged and unable to produce children because of having too many abortion. The assumption was that the author believes in all of the information that she gave. I have no bias opinions because I agree on what she was talking about. There were really no methods that she discusses but she did give of a method. The methods that I would of name would have been birth control, adoption and even parental control. The reason is because these are the alternatives that will help teens instead of them getting abortion. One is birth control is only to prevent the pregnancy and they abortion is no longer an issue, however if pregnancy was in process and the teen was too far along to get abortion adoption would be an option. The last method could be parental control being able to know what the child is doing. The parent can also make a choice with the child that way they don’t have to go through this type of situation by themselves. The implication that I receive was that teens have a lot of cause and effect issues. The quality of the information was well organized and she knew what she wanted to talk about. The author supporting detail fell in place where it was suppose to. This information on this topic was very interesting because there were a lot of risk factor as well. These teens have to be very careful when getting abortion because their body is so valuable and underdeveloped. The information grabbed reader’s attention and made them want to know even more. She stayed in the right direction with all of her information I was very happy with the ending of her closing. Unforturally at the end it left me puzzle the reason the author information was very accurate and I wanted to know more about the topic. She also gave the cause of the issue and explains them in way that made the reader understand what she was talking about.

Annotated Article
For some teens, abortion as a means of coping can become a stressor. By: Speckhard, Anne. Brown University Child & Adolescent Behavior Letter, Jan1997, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p1, 3p; Abstract Discusses the result of pilot study conducted to determine the psychological impact of teen abortions. Post-traumatic stress reactions to abortion; Definition of traumatic event; Causes of post-traumatic stress; Treatment of post-abortion syndrome; (AN 9702075292)
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Adolescents
FOR SOME TEENS, ABORTION AS A MEANS OF COPING CAN BECOME A STRESSOR
Each year, almost 1 million teenagers in the United States, 8 percent of 14-year-olds and 11 percent of all girls ages 15 to 19, become pregnant. Of these, nearly 40 percent abort their pregnancies.
Abortion in these situations is typically resorted to as a coping mechanism; most adolescents are not well-prepared for parenthood, and adoption is not an easy alternative. However, for some teen’s abortion it can be a traumatic stressor.
While there are currently no national data sets on post-abortion stress reactions, a pilot study following up abortion clinic attendees found approximately a 20 percent posttraumatic response to abortion. Likewise, indications of depression following abortion also appear to fall in the 20 percent range. Researchers on the issue agree that later-term abortions, coercion, lack of emotional development and other risk factors can combine to make the abortion experience more stressful.
Why some teens do not do well with abortion, while others do, is a function of how the teenager perceives the experience. Developmentally, teenagers are moving away from their families and forming new attachments. They are trying on new roles and responsibilities. One of these new roles is seeing oneself as a potential parent. A teen who becomes pregnant will often form a strong attachment to the fetus even if she knows she cannot carry the pregnancy to term. This is problematic in that the disrupted attachment that occurs with abortion can create a grief reaction that is difficult to overcome.
For many teens the world is still seen in terms of black and white, with little gray in between. Abortion is, for some adolescents, viewed as a death event with the person responsible for the abortion as guilty of taking a life. For a teen who has these views of abortion, ambivalence and guilt over abortion often appear.
Teens are often late to discover their pregnancies and frequently hide or go into denial over pregnancy. As a result, their pregnancies are often far advanced at the time of the abortion and the degree of attachment that has occurred and the moral concerns over the abortion issue are further complicated by the advanced fetal development.
For anyone, teen or older, who experiences abortion as involving a death event, the experience conforms closely to the criteria defined by the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) for a traumatic event capable of causing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
The DSM-IV defines a traumatic event as one in which both of the following were present:
(1) The person experienced, witnessed or was confronted with an event or events that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of self or others.
(2) The person's response involved intense fear, helplessness or horror.
Adolescents who are traumatized by their abortion experience often say they felt forced to have an abortion and that the experience was one of overwhelming emotions from which there was no escape. Well-meaning parents and abortion providers sometimes use rather strong persuasion to prevent a teenager from "ruining her life" by going through with an ill-timed pregnancy.
The posttraumatic stress that sometimes follows an abortion experience is similar to that following other traumas. There is usually a dissociative defense erected during the trauma, which may be experienced as emotional numbing. One teen related that she lay on her bed prior to the abortion procedure, stroking her belly and talking to her fetus about not wanting to have an abortion, but when she got up to go to the clinic she put her feelings of attachment and loss away "in order to go through with it." Flashbacks of feelings of attachment to the imagined child often return after the abortion, which may fuel a desire to deny that the abortion even took place. For some adolescents, the "deceased child" lives on in fantasy as a means of avoiding grief.
Flashbacks and nightmares often contain gruesome imaginings of the dismembered fetus, feelings and sights encountered during the abortion and fears of punishment and grief over the loss of the fetus. To deal with these intrusive thoughts and feelings, some adolescents follow the same coping efforts that PTSD veterans use. They resort to drugs and alcohol to control the flashbacks, to sleep and to help them feel normal. Others develop a sense of self-hatred and throw themselves into self-destructive actions, including promiscuous sexual behavior.
The posttraumatic stress for teenagers often includes re-enactment and acting out of unresolved emotions. One young woman who could not deal with her posttraumatic flashbacks returned to the clinic in the middle of the night, pounding on the doors saying, "Give me back my baby; I want my baby back." Another resorted to clinic violence, attempting to burn a clinic that was scheduled to open on the anniversary date of her abortion experience. Lorena Bobbitt's famous crime in which she mutilated her husband's genitalia occurred within days of her allegedly coerced abortion, and Bobbitt was on record as having gone to her gynecologist complaining of overwhelming emotions arising around that time period.
One public school's nurse commented that although she feels abortion is a good choice for ill-timed pregnancy, the results are not invariably good. She remarked that the teen patients that she had recommended for abortion always came back pregnant again, refusing in their subsequent pregnancy to even consider adoption as an alternative, as they were now so guilty over having had an abortion.
Treatment of post-abortion syndrome (PTSD following an abortion) involves addressing three aspects of the experience: (1) feelings of horror, fear and helplessness; (2) feelings of guilt; and (3) feelings of unresolved grief. Most post-abortive women feel that they are abnormal if they have a negative reaction to abortion. Indeed, many find that their emotional reactions are invalidated by those around them. Given the developmentally judgmental peer group adolescents often return to, a negative reaction to abortion may not be met with much comfort. Adolescent trauma victims, like their adult counterparts, need to be reassured that they have not encountered the politically incorrect trauma. Their feelings of horror need to be accepted and worked through as their own individualistic response to abortion, no matter how well the abortion decision may have served them and despite others' views on the subject.
Likewise, feelings of grief and guilt often need to be explored within the teen's cultural background and own developing belief system concerning forgiveness, death and the hereafter. Many post-abortive girls find it difficult to forgive them and fear punishment from God. Each needs to be directed to explore within her belief system to find the means of forgiveness and reconciliation that can restore her sense of esteem and belonging to her community. Likewise, grief needs to be handled within the teen's view of the afterlife and within her expectations concerning death.
It is not unusual for a mother to wish to rejoin her child in death. Expressions of suicidal wishes after an abortion should naturally be taken seriously; however, they can also be an expression of deep emotional pain, survivor guilt and the wish of the adolescent to undo the death and to rejoin her fetal child. While a wish to stay connected with the deceased child is normal, a preoccupation with the aborted fetus is not. Severing of morbid attachment must occur for the mourning process to be completed. When unresolved grief persists, emotional energy that should be available to invest in new relationships remains locked up in prior traumatization. Abortion and the Argument from Potential 59 healthy as Tim Tebow, all the same women are morally allowed to have an abortion. Because, as we have seen, the idea that a merely potential person can be harmed makes no sense, then there is no moral objection to abortion, whether or not the life of the potential person is foreseen to be worth living.

Termination of pregnancy in South Tyneside
U. ESEN, K. KORAM, E. DOHERTY, S. ORIFE & A. JONES
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust, Harton Lane, South Shields, UK

Summary

We evaluated prospectively, compliance with the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) guidelines on termination of pregnancy (TOP) in a cohort of 340 women referred for termination of pregnancy in 2003 at South Tyneside
Foundation Trust. The number of referrals represented one-fifth of all births in our unit during he study period. Teenagers were the largest single group of women requesting termination of pregnancy and the majority were nulliparous. There were85 women who were seeking a repeat termination of pregnancy. The RCOG minimum referral standard was met in 80% of cases. A good number of women were unsure of their menstrual dates and only 5% had used emergency contraception. A total of 96% were either not using contraception, using condoms or taking oral contraceptives irregularly. A total of 50% of the women attended hospital without a certificate A being completed by the referring practitioner. Surgical termination was preferred over medical termination in the cohort of women who could exercise a choice. It is possible to comply with the RCOG Termination of Pregnancy guidelines to a large extent in a District General Hospital, with some innovation. Close liaison between General Practitioners, Family Planning Clinics and Acute Hospitals is required. The adoption of agreed referral requirements and pathways would help in the delivery of a high quality service as advocated by the guideline.

Termination of pregnancy in South Tyneside U. ESEN, K. KORAM, E. DOHERTY, S. ORIFE & A. JONES Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust, Harton Lane, South Shields, UK
Summary
We evaluated prospectively, compliance with the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) guidelines ontermination of pregnancy (TOP) in a cohort of 340 women referred for termination of pregnancy in 2003 at South Tyneside Foundation Trust. The number of referrals represented one-fifth of all births in our unit during the study period. Teenagers were the largest single group of women requesting termination of pregnancy and the majority were nulliparous. There were85 women who were seeking a repeat termination of pregnancy. The RCOG minimum referral standard was met in 80% of cases. A good number of women were unsure of their menstrual dates and only 5% had used emergency contraception. A total of 96% were either not using contraception, using condoms or taking oral contraceptives irregularly. A total of 50% of the women attended hospital without a Certificate A being completed by the referring practitioner. Surgical termination was preferred over medical termination in the cohort of women who could exercise a choice. It is possible to comply with the RCOG Termination of Pregnancy guidelines to a large extent in a District General Hospital, with some innovation. Close liaison between General Practitioners, Family Planning Clinics and Acute Hospitals is required. The adoption of agreed referral requirements and pathways would help in the delivery of a high quality service as advocated by the guideline.
Introduction
Our aim was to evaluate the termination of pregnancy service in South Tyneside including our compliance with Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG)termination of pregnancy guidelines.
Method
This was a prospective study of all women requesting termination of pregnancy seen in the termination of pregnancyclinic in South Tyneside Foundation Trust between January and December 2003. The women were directly interviewed by U.E. or S.O. or A.J., during the consultationprocess. Demographic details were obtained from the notes.The date on the GP referral letter was taken as the date of referral. On conclusion of the procedure, the various time intervals taken by each patient to complete the treatment were calculated and comparisons made with the recommendationsof the RCOG guidelines (RCOG 2004).
Results
In the study period, there were 340 requests for termination of pregnancy (TOP). The total number of live births in our unit during this period was 1494. Hence there was one termination of pregnancy referral for every five live births.The largest group of women (115 patients) requesting termination of pregnancy were in the 15 – 19 year age group (33.8%). The 20 – 24 age group followed closely,with 108 patients (31.7%). The youngest woman was aged 13 years and the oldest was aged 42 years. The age distribution of the patients is shown in Figure 1. More than half of the patients, 192 (56.5%), were nulliparous and the numbers fell with increasing parity to four (1.5%) for women part 4 or more (Figure 2). A total of 85 women had under gone previous terminations and the numbers ranged from 64 for one previous termination to one for fourprevious terminations.
The interval between terminations in these womenranged from 4 months to 267 months, with a mean of 60 months. The majority of the women (269) were single,divorced or separated (79%), with only 71 women being married or cohabiting within a stable relationship. Figure 3 shows the interval from referral by the GP or Family Panning Clinic to consultation in the hospital. Some 80% of the women were seen within 2 weeks of referral (RCOG minimum standard). A total of 43% of patients were uncertain of the dates of their last menstrual periods, as shown on Figure 4. Of those that were certain of dates, the majority (26%) were seen at between 7 and 10 weeks’ gestation. There were four women more than 17 weeks’ gestation. There was one woman seen at 38 weeks’gestation. In only 25% of women was there agreement between ultrasound dating of the pregnancy and menstrual dates. In 103 patients who were sure of their last menstrual periods, the disparity between menstrual and ultrasound dating was more than 1 week. A majority of the women (328) seeking termination of pregnancy (96%) were either not using contraception, using condoms, or were taking the oral contraceptive pill inappropriately. Only 5% of the women seeking termination of pregnancy had used emergency contraception. About one-third of patients came to the clinic unaccompanied 128 (37.6%).
About 50% of the patients were referred without a Certificate A being completed by the referring GP, in some cases because of issues around conscientious objection to termination of pregnancy. Most of the terminations performed were surgical terminations 238 (70%), while 88 (25.9%) were medical terminations. In 14 (4.1%) patients, the termination of pregnancy did not proceed for a variety of reasons. A total of 111 patients had their termination performed within 7 days of consultation in the hospital (the RCOG ideal standard). Eight patients or
2.4% were not pregnant. Thirteen women (3.7%) decided to continue with the pregnancy following the consultation.
Four requests were declined following consultation, mainly on account of advanced gestation. There were 175 pregnancies (51%) at 9 weeks or less and of these only 65 women (37%) took up the option of medical termination as against 110 (63%) who opted for surgical termination.
Discussion
Age and parity Britain has one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates in Europe (Kmietowicz 2002) and as shown in this study, teenagers constituted the largest group of patients requesting termination of pregnancy. There were 121 teenagers aged 13 – 19, who constituted 35% of all women who had termination of pregnancy in our unit. In comparison, a total of 127 teenagers delivered in our unit during the same time interval giving approximately a one-to-one ratio in respect of terminated pregnancies and pregnancies carried to term among teenagers in South Tyneside. In this study, women between the ages 13 and 24 years accounted for well over 60% of the women who had termination of pregnancy, and were predominantly single hand nulliparous. Hence, the young and single female is most likely to have an unwanted pregnancy. Previous terminations A total of 85 women (25%) had undergone one more previous terminations, suggesting an underlying problem with contraception. Other studies have similar levels of repeat terminations in women requesting termination of pregnancy (Graham 2004). The largest group of women (64; 75%) undergoing repeat terminations were having their second termination. Only one woman (1%) was having her fourth termination. Socially and emotionally disadvantaged women have been shown to be more prone to undergoing repeat pregnancy terminations (St John et al.2005). Other workers have reported on psychological, family and social motivations as important variables in women seeking repeat terminations, including immaturity,dependence, passivity and difficulties with other children as well as instability of the index relationship. Abandonment and educational constraints are also important considerations(Mattauer et al. 1984).We serve a socially deprived population and although we did not investigate these variables, it is likely that these factors are major influences on termination of pregnancy in our locality. The mean duration between terminations in these women was 60 months, though 18 women had undergone a termination of pregnancy within the last 18 months of the index pregnancy, suggesting significant problems with contraception in our study population. Issues around the appropriateness of a chosen method of contraception need be considered in discussing post-termination contraception with women seeking repeat terminations; as a long-acting user independent method of
Despite this, there was poor use of post-coital contraceptionin these women. Only 5% of the women had used emergency contraception. Other studies have confirmed this poor use of emergency contraception in women seeking termination of pregnancy, despite adequate knowledge of and availability of emergency contraception (Perslev 2002). There were low TOP request rates in women using the progestogen only pill, depo-progesterone injections and intrauterine contraceptive devices. There were no women seeking TOP following a failure of contraceptive implants. After termination, the most popular methods of contraception were the combined oral contraceptive pill, intrauterine contraceptive devices and depo-progestogen injections? Regrettably, about 15% of women would not agree a method of contraception on discharge after termination, thereby running the risk of another unwanted pregnancy. There is evidence that after TOP, there is a rapid resumption of sexual intercourse. Boesen et al. (2004) found that by 2 weeks following termination of pregnancy, over 50% of women had resumed sexual intercourse. In the age group 18 – 24, the figure was 61% and in the older women just above 40%. By 8 weeks post-termination, almost 100% of women had resumed intercourse. It is of the all most importance that women post-termination of pregnancy are encouraged to leave the clinic or hospital with an appropriate contraceptive method and not just a plan. Terminations not performed in 14 (4.1%) patients, termination of pregnancy did not proceed for a variety of reasons. Eight patients (2.4%) were found not to be pregnant following negative ultrasound and pregnancy testing in the clinic. A total of 13 decided to continue with the pregnancy following the consultation and counseling. Four requests were declined following consultation, because of significantly advanced gestation.
Conclusion
We have demonstrated that with the use of a rapid referral and appointments system for women requesting termination of pregnancy, it is possible to have short waiting intervals from referral to consultation, and we largely meet the RCOG recommendations for termination of pregnancy.
Liaison between primary and secondary care in terms of minimum referral criteria is useful (confirmation of the pregnancy, evaluation of the request and the signing of a Certificate A, where the doctor supports the request and perhaps Chlamydia screening) in meeting the recommendations. Ultrasound use in a termination of pregnancy service is to be advocated, as it is vital for the accurate dating of the pregnancy. It also ensures that inappropriate treatment is avoided. Adequate contraception remains the most important mechanism for the prevention of unwanted pregnancy and it is important that contraception be tailored to the patient, to ensure compliance. Sexual activity returns very rapidly after termination, so it is important that contraception is initiated in the immediate post-termination period, if significant impact is to be made. It is possible to meet the RCOG guidelines to a large extent in the delivery of the services. Each unit, whether in primary or secondary care, needs to put in place adequate arrangements to cater for women requesting termination of pregnancy, which extend and make provision for cover of the services during holidays or other absences, to avoid undue delay in the referral or treatment processes.

Comparative Review

In reading both of these articles I found out that they had many things in common. The first thing I found out was that many females were having a lot of abortion. They also were repeating abortion over and over again. Most of these girls were in denial and regret getting the procedure done. Most teens go through depression. After having abortion girls go through flashbacks, guilt, feelings of horror; fear and helplessness were the main ideas from my understanding. If a teenager have to many abortion she may be unable to bare a child. The reason why many of these girls become pregnant is because not using protection or any type of birth control. Birth control is to prevent either ovulation or sperm from reaching the uterus. Most of these girls had complication after the procedure these included many issues such as psychological problems.

Method

The method that I was doing to help with my research paper was the interview process. Here are the questions that I asked my interviewees. I completed this interview because it seems like the right option to do. It was face to face interview. Here are the questions that I asked them.

1. Why 2. The reason 3. How old were you when the first abortion was performed? 4. Do you regret it? 5. Would you repeat it again? 6. Do you think it affected you in any way? 7. How many kids would you have if you didn’t get abortion 8. How many kids do you have now?

The first person I interview was Keisha she answer all the questions and these were her responses. She said she wasn’t ready for a child at the age of 17. The reason was that she was financially not able to provide. She didn’t have a job so therefore, she had no income. The other reason was that she was messing with a marry man. Her first abortion that was performed she was only 17. She stated that she had another one at 19. She said that she regret the first one and not the second one. She said she having problems with her menstrual due to having the abortions. I asked her if you didn’t have any abortion performed how many kids would you have? She said she would have five children. I asked her how many does she have now? Her response was that she had three.
The second person was Juanita her story was a little bit different from Keisha. I asked her the same question and here were her response as well. She said that she didn’t like the person that it was with. She also stated that she didn’t want the child it made her sick to her stomach. She was younger than Keisha she was 14 when her first abortion was performed. She said that she does regret it because she knew it was wrong and now she wishes that can can go back and time and correct her decision. She said she wouldn’t repeat that same decision because she remembers that it was too painful, on the other hand she cried almost every day. She admitted to having three abortions. The abortions made her unable to have any more children that what the doctor told her but a miracle happened. She would have had seven children. The miracle is that she has three and one on the way.

Research Design

My reaction to reading about the Action Research was very different because I didn't know there was a lot of information that was involved. I have learned some new definition that I thought I knew but I didn't. To actually read about something it can be interesting and you can learn a lot from it. At first it was time consuming but it was worth it because I taught other people about what I learned about an Action research. The purpose of Action Research is to have a well understanding of any issue or problem that may exist in today society. There are several key factors that is affected by this action research some factors consist with change, reflection, inclusion, sharing, and there are many more. The change talks about improving people practices and their behavior, however the reflection is about how they think and brainstormed about their practices and behaviors as well. The inclusion is all the people that are affected by the problem that exist. Sharing is when people share their opinions with each other. Understanding is the clearness of experience of all people that is involved. The practice is when they test to come to change a practice or come with a new practice. Community is building a new understanding to learn about the community. The models of Action Research there are methods that is used such as design a study, collect data, analyze the data, communicate and take action these are the methods that are used to problem solve and to plan. To design a plan is to come up with a format of question to make sure that the work is valid of their work; therefore collecting data is to get a variety of sources as possible. Communicate is to get an outcome from the study of relevant audience. All of these apply to my project because this is how you first start to think how you’re gone to create your Action Research. If you have a topic these are the kind of definition that you should be able to answer if you are going to start your process, consequently if you can't answer you need to restart the process over until you get it right. The postmodern is about how practitioner and administration plan to practices and how to adapt to their work of particular environments; however this affects their levels of anxiety

I'm gone to discuss about the French scholar Foucault this was based on his life that his relationship by which people arrange in their lives. The postmodern mind is based on the set of attitudes to great diversity to lecture and cultural currents. It is also based on the few shared working principles. The critical search of truth is constrained to be tolerant of ambiguity and its outcome will be fallible. He suggested that people should have a routine on an everyday basis. The meaning of professionalism is to control the framework and procedures of institutional life. People arrange their lives through social domination are at the local level. We must have the understanding of these things in order to do Action Research. I can honest say that I have the knowledge and the courage to do this. I know if I struggle I can get resources and get help from the teacher. I plan on getting a good grade in this class because I know I can do it. I believe if you follow the guidelines your paper should come out right. During my search for my Action Research I will make sure I follow all these guidelines because it is important that I do well on my paper. There are good strategies that will help you to have a successful paper. Using the criteria that was given I can't wait to start my Action Research because I know what is expected in this paper. It was very knowledge to learn about all the different terms because I didn't know that was requiring in Action Research Paper. As reading what was given I want to learn more about this course, however I can wait I don't want to spoil the surprise in the next reading. This book has a lot of important information that is good to know. I would like others to take this information that I read about this book and read it for them. All the information I receive from this is very true and I try to apply this to my everyday basis only the stuff that I just learned.

Findings

My findings that I found were that a lot of young teens had a lot of problems after having abortion can lead to physical complication such as cervical tearing and laceration from instruments. It can cause hemorrhaging and shock if the uterine artery is torn. Abortion can cause many infections. It can cause psychological complication as well these include feeling sad, sudden and uncontrollable crying episodes. Abortion makes young girls feel sleepy or have a loss of appetite. I also found that using birth control is the best choice for these girls because this is a way to prevent having abortion. There is birth control such as Depo-Provera shot this is a shot that is given out by the doctor to prevent ovulating. The pill has three steps that helps prevent bearing a child. The first step is that the pill prevents ovulating. The second step is that it thickens the cervical mucus to prevent the sperm from entering the uterus. The third step is the pill alters the lining of uterus, so that implication is unable to be successful. Condoms are very useful it to prevent sexually transmitted disease and pregnancy as well. Adoption is another alterative that is out here let someone care for the child instead of taking a innocent life. Another thing is to be celibate and not have sex at all.

Conclusion
The ending of this paper is that many teens have issues. The issue is not making the same mistake and learning from it. Use protection at all times that way there is no murder involved. Birth control is out here to help these teens it up to them to stay on the right track.

References

1. Brown University Child & Adolescent Behavior Letter; Jan1997, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p1, 3p 2. University Child & Adolescent Behavior Letter, Jan1997, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p1, 3p; 3. Boesen HC, Rorbye C, Norgaard M, Nilas L. 2004. Sexual\ 4. behaviour during the first eight weeks after legal termination of pregnancy. 5. Acta Obstetricia Gynecologica Scandinavica 83:1189 – 1192. 6. Esen UI. 2005a. Long-acting user-independent contraceptives post abortion. British Journal of Hospital Medicine 66:523 – 524. 7. Esen UI. 2005b. Ultrasound screening for gestational trophoblastic disease. Ultrasound Obstetrics and Gynecology 26:201. Etc. 8. Abortion statistics.(n.d). Retrieved March from 23, 2009,from hhtp:www.abortion.org/Resources/fastfacts.html

Appendixes