Acct100C1
CHAPTER 1
ACCOUNTING IN ACTION
ACCT100 Spring 2013 Teresa Chu
Chapter 1-1
What is Accounting?
(1) Identify (2) record & (3) communicate economic events of an organization to interested users Record: provide systematic, chronological diary of economic events
Identify: select business-related economic events Communicate: analyze (use of ratios, %, graphs & charts) and interpret (explain uses, meaning and limitations) financial statements to users
Chapter 1-2
Internal users Individuals inside a company who plan, organize and run the business Require BOTH internal and external reports Managerial accounting provides internal reports Financial accounting provides external reports External users: Individuals or organizations outside a company Require JUST external reports Chapter
1-3
Who Uses Accounting Data?
The Building Blocks of Accounting
Ethics in financial reporting Standards of conduct by which one’s actions are judged as right/wrong, honest/dishonest, fair/not fair Accounting standards International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Used in more than 130 countries including Macau Determined by International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)
Chapter 1-4
Cost Principle or Historical Cost Principle
Two Measurement Principles
Record assets at cost Use COST at time of purchase AND over the time asset is held Faithful representation (factual) Ignore increase/decrease in market value Record assets and liabilities at fair value Relevance (information capable of making difference in decision making)
Fair Value Principle
Chapter 1-5
Monetary Unit Assumption (HOW???) ONLY includes transactions that can be expressed in money ($) Quantify economic events Economic Entity Assumption (WHAT???) Economic entity: any organization/unit Activities of the entity must be separated from activities of owners & other entities ONLY record transactions of the separate entity
Chapter 1-6
Two Assumptions
The Basic Accounting
ACCOUNTING IN ACTION
ACCT100 Spring 2013 Teresa Chu
Chapter 1-1
What is Accounting?
(1) Identify (2) record & (3) communicate economic events of an organization to interested users Record: provide systematic, chronological diary of economic events
Identify: select business-related economic events Communicate: analyze (use of ratios, %, graphs & charts) and interpret (explain uses, meaning and limitations) financial statements to users
Chapter 1-2
Internal users Individuals inside a company who plan, organize and run the business Require BOTH internal and external reports Managerial accounting provides internal reports Financial accounting provides external reports External users: Individuals or organizations outside a company Require JUST external reports Chapter
1-3
Who Uses Accounting Data?
The Building Blocks of Accounting
Ethics in financial reporting Standards of conduct by which one’s actions are judged as right/wrong, honest/dishonest, fair/not fair Accounting standards International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Used in more than 130 countries including Macau Determined by International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)
Chapter 1-4
Cost Principle or Historical Cost Principle
Two Measurement Principles
Record assets at cost Use COST at time of purchase AND over the time asset is held Faithful representation (factual) Ignore increase/decrease in market value Record assets and liabilities at fair value Relevance (information capable of making difference in decision making)
Fair Value Principle
Chapter 1-5
Monetary Unit Assumption (HOW???) ONLY includes transactions that can be expressed in money ($) Quantify economic events Economic Entity Assumption (WHAT???) Economic entity: any organization/unit Activities of the entity must be separated from activities of owners & other entities ONLY record transactions of the separate entity
Chapter 1-6
Two Assumptions
The Basic Accounting