ACN- ACRYLONITRILE
1
CHAPTER 1
PROJECT BACKGROUND
1.0
PROJECT BACKGROUND
The main objective is to design an economic Acrylonitrile chemical plant with safer ways of processes for a minimum production rate of 100, 000 metric tonnes/year.
1.1
INTRODUCTION
Recently, production of acrylonitrile has been increasing every year in many countries. The rapid growth of the industry is mainly attributed to the availability of oil and gas as feedstock, a well-developed infrastructure, and a strong base of supporting services, the country's cost competitiveness, as well as strategic location and its close proximity to major markets. These increasing productions come from enormous demand for the manufacture of acrylic and modacrylic fibers. Other major uses include the production of plastics such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
(ABS) and styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), nitrile rubbers, nitrile barrier resins, adiponitrile and acrylamide. Simon Garmston (2009) reported that acrylonitrile demand growth forecast at 3.7% per year on average for the period 2008-2018 based on his study on acrylonitrile and derivatives world supply/ demand 2009. This growth rate may also convicts a little misleading however as it starts from a very low base. Acrylonitrile does not occur naturally but has been an important industrial chemical since 1940.
Acrylonitrile can affect on human health and environment depends on how much acrylonitrile is present and the length and frequency of exposure. In 1999,
IARC classified acrylonitrile as Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans), based on evidence in experimental animals. Acrylonitrile was found to be
2 carcinogenic to rats with tumors reported in the central nervous system, mammary gland, and a few other rare tumor sites. In the 1970s and 80s, several epidemiological studies noted a link between occupational acrylonitrile exposure and lung cancer, however these findings have not been conclusively confirmed in more recent,
CHAPTER 1
PROJECT BACKGROUND
1.0
PROJECT BACKGROUND
The main objective is to design an economic Acrylonitrile chemical plant with safer ways of processes for a minimum production rate of 100, 000 metric tonnes/year.
1.1
INTRODUCTION
Recently, production of acrylonitrile has been increasing every year in many countries. The rapid growth of the industry is mainly attributed to the availability of oil and gas as feedstock, a well-developed infrastructure, and a strong base of supporting services, the country's cost competitiveness, as well as strategic location and its close proximity to major markets. These increasing productions come from enormous demand for the manufacture of acrylic and modacrylic fibers. Other major uses include the production of plastics such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
(ABS) and styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), nitrile rubbers, nitrile barrier resins, adiponitrile and acrylamide. Simon Garmston (2009) reported that acrylonitrile demand growth forecast at 3.7% per year on average for the period 2008-2018 based on his study on acrylonitrile and derivatives world supply/ demand 2009. This growth rate may also convicts a little misleading however as it starts from a very low base. Acrylonitrile does not occur naturally but has been an important industrial chemical since 1940.
Acrylonitrile can affect on human health and environment depends on how much acrylonitrile is present and the length and frequency of exposure. In 1999,
IARC classified acrylonitrile as Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans), based on evidence in experimental animals. Acrylonitrile was found to be
2 carcinogenic to rats with tumors reported in the central nervous system, mammary gland, and a few other rare tumor sites. In the 1970s and 80s, several epidemiological studies noted a link between occupational acrylonitrile exposure and lung cancer, however these findings have not been conclusively confirmed in more recent,