Adult Nutrition Notes
Adolescence
Introduction * Many levels of change occurring * Individual = undergoes change biologically cognitively and psychologically * Social = * Three phases * Early = ages 11-14; defined by changes of puberty and response to those changes * Middle = ages 15-17; defined by stereotypical time of peer-dominated changes * Late = ages 18-20; defined by more adult like behavior and adaptation to adult lifestyle
Anatomy/Physiological Maturation * Physical changes occur during early adolescence * The first major change is puberty = a predictable sequence of hormonal and physical changes that occur over a defined period of time encompassing both physical growth and sexual maturation
* Initiation of puberty * Leptin- we used to think it was all controlled by this * As body fatness increases, so does blood concentration of leptin * Neurons in the hypothalamus of the brain mature becoming more sensitive to leptin * Mature neurons produce Gonadotropin * Now we think Leptin is a “Permissive factor”
* Acts on the anterior pituitary to make and release Follicle-stimulating hormone and Luteinizing hormone LH into the blood * These two hormones, among other things, stimulates sexual maturation * Occurs in both genders * Girls: * FSH stimulates growth of ovarian follicles and production of estrogen * LH initiates ovulation with the formation of the corpus luteum and progesterone production
* Boys: * FSH acts directly on the leydig cells in the testicles to promote testicular maturation * Both FSH and LH are required fro testosterone production and spermatogenesis
* Actions of reproductive hormones * Girls * FSH: stimulates estrogen production * Estrogen concentration gradually
Introduction * Many levels of change occurring * Individual = undergoes change biologically cognitively and psychologically * Social = * Three phases * Early = ages 11-14; defined by changes of puberty and response to those changes * Middle = ages 15-17; defined by stereotypical time of peer-dominated changes * Late = ages 18-20; defined by more adult like behavior and adaptation to adult lifestyle
Anatomy/Physiological Maturation * Physical changes occur during early adolescence * The first major change is puberty = a predictable sequence of hormonal and physical changes that occur over a defined period of time encompassing both physical growth and sexual maturation
* Initiation of puberty * Leptin- we used to think it was all controlled by this * As body fatness increases, so does blood concentration of leptin * Neurons in the hypothalamus of the brain mature becoming more sensitive to leptin * Mature neurons produce Gonadotropin * Now we think Leptin is a “Permissive factor”
* Acts on the anterior pituitary to make and release Follicle-stimulating hormone and Luteinizing hormone LH into the blood * These two hormones, among other things, stimulates sexual maturation * Occurs in both genders * Girls: * FSH stimulates growth of ovarian follicles and production of estrogen * LH initiates ovulation with the formation of the corpus luteum and progesterone production
* Boys: * FSH acts directly on the leydig cells in the testicles to promote testicular maturation * Both FSH and LH are required fro testosterone production and spermatogenesis
* Actions of reproductive hormones * Girls * FSH: stimulates estrogen production * Estrogen concentration gradually