influence reached as far as the Mississippi River. The English
colonies were located on the east coast of the Americas. The
Appalachian Mountains separated both types of European colonies so
there was elbow room for both. Flames began to ignite when war between
the mother countries of England and France broke out. Tensions
increased when trading and rivalry between two colonies increased.
Soon war broke out and it became known as the French and Indian War.
Both sides had advantages and disadvantages and there were many
lasting effects.
The British colonies began to lose in the beginning for many reasons.
The colonies were disorganized and many jealousies and disputes arose
among them. In addition the colonies' governors quarreled with their
assemblies. The colonies saw themselves, at the time, as trading
economic colonies, not an empire or nation. There was no need or want
for a military and military organization. The British colonies were
unfit to carry out an offensive war. Victory was meek for the colonies
but courageous, fearless and heroic generals like Pitt, Amherst, and
Wolf helped turn the tide for the British. In addition they began to
attack cities instead of forts. The British colonies soon won the war
with the Treaty of Paris.
The French were incredible and favored victors at the beginning of
the war in the Americas. They had a centralized military organization,
skillful leaders who ruled with absolute authority, and soldiers
inured to war. Of 10 major battles, France won a majority of them.
Their location was good. Canada was fortified with vast outworks of
defense in the forests, marshes and mountains. They had the help of
the Indians who knew the land far better than any European. In
Europe, the tide turned for France and soon so did too in the
Americas.
The Treaty of Paris ended the French and Indian War. The details of
the treaty provide lasting effects. French power was completely thrown
off the continent. However, the French were allowed to retain several
islands in the West Indies. France gave Britain all lands east of the
Mississippi River allowing the number of frontiers to increase. Spain
gave Britain Florida. With all these territorial gains, it paved the
road for the British colonies to expand. They soon declared
independence from Britain and became America. Americans soon followed
"Manifest Destiny" and America is now what we see as today.
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