Affirmative Action
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Statement of Problem 3
Objective of the study 3
Hypothesis 3
Method of Study 3
Review of Literature 3
Affirmative Action 3
Understanding the Direct Cash Transfers Scheme 5
With-drawl scheme 6
International best practises: 7
Benefit Transfer- Phase I 7
Historical Development of Direct Cash benefit 8
INDIA 9
Problem in Implementing the Scheme: Indian Scenario 12
Future of DCB Scheme in India 15
Benefited Schemes under the Direct Cash Transfer Scheme 18
Whether a Cash or kind transaction 21
DCB a means to curb poverty 24
Conclusion 26
Introduction
“When an injustice has been committed to a group compensation or reparation must be made to that group. Group rights to compensation are not rights against wrongdoers but against society as a whole. The obligation to offer such benefits to the group as a whole is an obligation that falls on society in general, not on any particular person. For it is society that through its established social practice brought upon itself the obligation.”
Paul W.Taylor.
Reservation in Indian law provides for a quota system whereby a percentage of posts are reserved in employment in Government and in the public sector units, and in all public and private educational institutions, except in the religious/ linguistic minority educational institutions, in order to mitigate backwardness of the socially and educationally backward communities and the Scheduled Castes and Tribes who do not have adequate representation in these services and institutions. The framers of the Constitution believed that, due to the caste system, SCs and the STs were historically oppressed and denied respect and equal opportunity in Indian society and were thus under-represented in nation-building activities. It is time and again felt that the affirmative approach need not be in the form of reservation and therefore, the government of India has announced the direct benefits transfer initiative with the aim of
Introduction 1
Statement of Problem 3
Objective of the study 3
Hypothesis 3
Method of Study 3
Review of Literature 3
Affirmative Action 3
Understanding the Direct Cash Transfers Scheme 5
With-drawl scheme 6
International best practises: 7
Benefit Transfer- Phase I 7
Historical Development of Direct Cash benefit 8
INDIA 9
Problem in Implementing the Scheme: Indian Scenario 12
Future of DCB Scheme in India 15
Benefited Schemes under the Direct Cash Transfer Scheme 18
Whether a Cash or kind transaction 21
DCB a means to curb poverty 24
Conclusion 26
Introduction
“When an injustice has been committed to a group compensation or reparation must be made to that group. Group rights to compensation are not rights against wrongdoers but against society as a whole. The obligation to offer such benefits to the group as a whole is an obligation that falls on society in general, not on any particular person. For it is society that through its established social practice brought upon itself the obligation.”
Paul W.Taylor.
Reservation in Indian law provides for a quota system whereby a percentage of posts are reserved in employment in Government and in the public sector units, and in all public and private educational institutions, except in the religious/ linguistic minority educational institutions, in order to mitigate backwardness of the socially and educationally backward communities and the Scheduled Castes and Tribes who do not have adequate representation in these services and institutions. The framers of the Constitution believed that, due to the caste system, SCs and the STs were historically oppressed and denied respect and equal opportunity in Indian society and were thus under-represented in nation-building activities. It is time and again felt that the affirmative approach need not be in the form of reservation and therefore, the government of India has announced the direct benefits transfer initiative with the aim of
Bibliography: Periodicals: R.K.Jha, Yojna: Direct Benefits Transfer, Vol.57, February 2013, Soochna Bhavan , Lodhi road, New Delhi. The Hindu Times of India Articles: Gangopadhyay, Shubhashis, Lensink, Robert and Yadav, Bhupesh, “Cash or Food Security through the Public Distribution System? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Delhi, India” (October 1, 2012). India: Cash transfer scheme aims to slash subsidies to India’s poor, Ajay Prakash and Kranti Kumara :15 February 2013 <https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CDUQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsws.org%2Fen%2Farticles%2F2013%2F02%2F15%2Findi-f15.html&ei=FH1sUf3xGYqZiQKl8ICAAw&usg=AFQjCNHxSqCr97LHt29zXcZCRLpK6DpyVQ&sig2=89BrCCgRkv3bgkoavSSo7A&bvm=bv.45175338,d.cGE> Schady, Nobert and Aruajo, Maria Caridad, 2006. “Cash transfers, conditions, school enrollment, and child work : evidence from a randomized experiment in Ecuador,” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series 3930 The Task of making the PDS work, Jean Dreze and Reetika Khera, July 2010.