Brief History of Afghanistan With a population of about 28 million, Afghanistan is the 42nd most populous country in the world. It spans an area of 647,500 km land locked in the heart of the Middle East, surrounded by Pakistan in the south and east, Iran in the west, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the north, and the People 's Republic of China in the far northeast. Afghanistan’s name is derived from the early Persian name, Afghan, for the earliest settlers of the land, the Pashtun Tribes. The Pashtun tribes to this day make up the largest ethnic group in the country. The earliest inhabitants of the land were nomadic tribes who used Afghanistan’s geographic location as a passage between southern and eastern Asia to Europe and the Middle East. These passages became trade routes later designated the “Silk Road” for their importance in the silk trade. With the advent of agriculture, the nomadic tribes began to settle areas of the country. According to the center for applied linguistics, “Archaeologists have found evidence of human habitation in Afghanistan from as far back as 50,000 BC. The artifacts [recovered from archaeological digs] indicate that the indigenous people were small farmers and herdsmen, as they are today, very probably grouped into tribes, with small local kingdoms
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