Generally any substance that people introduce into the atmosphere that has damaging effects on living things and the environment is considered air pollution. Air pollution is a major environmental risk to health. By reducing air pollution levels, we can help countries reduce the global problem of disease from breathing infections, heart disease, and lung cancer. The lower the levels of air pollution in a city, the better breathing (both long- and short-term), and circulatory health of the population will be. Indoor air pollution is estimated to cause approximately 2 million premature deaths mostly in developing countries. Almost half of these deaths are due to pneumonia in children under 5 years of age. Urban outdoor air pollution is estimated to cause 1.3 million deaths worldwide per year. Those living in middle-income countries excessively experience this burden. Exposure to air pollutants is largely beyond the control of individuals and requires action by public authorities at the national, regional and even international levels.
The Key findings in the Air Quality Guidelines are as follows:
There are serious risks to health from exposure to PM (Particulate Matter) and O3 (Ozone) in many cities of developed and developing countries. It is possible to develop a quantitative relationship between the pollution levels and specific health outcomes. This allows invaluable insights into the health improvements that could be expected if air pollution is reduced. Even relatively low concentrations of air pollutants have been related to a range of adverse health effects. Poor indoor air quality may pose a risk to the health of over half of the world’s population. In homes where biomass fuels and coal are used for cooking and heating, PM levels may be 10–50 times higher than the guideline values. Significant reduction of