Alkynes, Alkene, Alkanes, Aromatic
Alkane, Alkene, Alkyne & Aromatic
Learning Objectives
1.
2. 3.
Determine the IUPAC name, common name and structure of an alkanes, alkenes and cycloalkanes.
Identify the physical properties of alkanes. Describe briefly natural sources and importance of alkanes Describe reactions of alkanes Propose a mechanism on free radicals substitution
4. 5.
6. Describe the preparation and reactions of alkenes.
7. Propose mechanism on preparation; dehydration of
alcohol
8. Define carbocation, electrophile and Markovnikov’s Rule. 9. Propose mechanism on reaction addition of cold sulphuric
acid and Hydrogen halide
Alkanes
Nomenclature of Alkanes
Sources & Importance of Alkanes
A. Natural Gas Consists of 90-95% methane with lesser amounts of ethane and other low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons. B. Petroleum Liquid mixture of literally thousands of different hydrocarbons. The most important processes in the petroleum refining are fractional distillation, catalytic cracking and catalytic reforming. C. Coal Raw material for the production of organic compounds Synthesis gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, can be derived from natural gas, coal or petroleum.
Fractional distillation of petroleum. The lighter, more volatile fractions are removed from higher up the column, and the heavier, less volatile fractions are removed from lower down
The fractions obtained from crude oil
Physical Properties
Low molecular-weight alkanes are gases at room temperature
and atm pressure. Higher molecular weight alkanes are liquids
Alkanes are non-polar compounds and the only forces of
attraction between their molecules are dispersion forces, weak electrostatic interactions between temporary induced dipoles of adjacent atoms or molecules.
Among a set of alkanes constitutional isomers, the least
branched isomer generally has the highest boiling point; the most branched isomer generally has the lowest
Learning Objectives
1.
2. 3.
Determine the IUPAC name, common name and structure of an alkanes, alkenes and cycloalkanes.
Identify the physical properties of alkanes. Describe briefly natural sources and importance of alkanes Describe reactions of alkanes Propose a mechanism on free radicals substitution
4. 5.
6. Describe the preparation and reactions of alkenes.
7. Propose mechanism on preparation; dehydration of
alcohol
8. Define carbocation, electrophile and Markovnikov’s Rule. 9. Propose mechanism on reaction addition of cold sulphuric
acid and Hydrogen halide
Alkanes
Nomenclature of Alkanes
Sources & Importance of Alkanes
A. Natural Gas Consists of 90-95% methane with lesser amounts of ethane and other low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons. B. Petroleum Liquid mixture of literally thousands of different hydrocarbons. The most important processes in the petroleum refining are fractional distillation, catalytic cracking and catalytic reforming. C. Coal Raw material for the production of organic compounds Synthesis gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, can be derived from natural gas, coal or petroleum.
Fractional distillation of petroleum. The lighter, more volatile fractions are removed from higher up the column, and the heavier, less volatile fractions are removed from lower down
The fractions obtained from crude oil
Physical Properties
Low molecular-weight alkanes are gases at room temperature
and atm pressure. Higher molecular weight alkanes are liquids
Alkanes are non-polar compounds and the only forces of
attraction between their molecules are dispersion forces, weak electrostatic interactions between temporary induced dipoles of adjacent atoms or molecules.
Among a set of alkanes constitutional isomers, the least
branched isomer generally has the highest boiling point; the most branched isomer generally has the lowest