AmeeraHassan M1 HSP3U U1A1

INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL SCIENCE 1

Introduction to Social Sciences
Ameera Hassan
Salaheddin Islamic School

INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL SCIENCE 2 Assignment 1 1. A key contributor towards Anthropology:
R
uth Fulton Benedict Ruth Fulton was an American born in New York on June 5,1887. She had attended Vassar
College, and was able to graduate in 1909. Benedict decided to start her graduate studies completing her phd at Columbia University, she had joined in 1923. Franz Boas, Ruths mentor and teacher had held the title to be the American father of Anthropology. Franz Boas teachings are clear through many works of Ruth. From many of the books Ruth Fulton had wrote “
Chrysanthemum and the sword” was an idea that stood out. She was able to recompose her ideas of the japanese and the culture, and society. Ruth was able to use cultural materials to produce studies from a distance.Each of the readings dealt in some way on the nature of experimental ethnography. “Benedict necessarily made use of it, but primarily because the culture she was tasked with examining was an enemy state at the time she began collecting and analyzing data”(Carl,Feagans,2008). After completing her phd, she had started teaching and became a professor but two months later had passed away on September 17,1948.

A key contributor to Sociology
Karl Marx Karl Marx a German born on May 5,1818, was one of the people to discover sociology, and social sciences. Marc had attended the University of bonn and berlin where he became interested in philosophical ideas. In 1849 where he had continued writing his theories about social and economically abilities. Marx 's speculations about society, financial matters and governmental issues the aggregate understanding of which is known as Marxism—hold that human social orders advance through class battle: a contention between a proprietorship class that controls generation and a confiscated laboring class that gives the work to creation. After moving from
Germany to france, then the UK, After Karl’s wifes death, Karl Marx had followed from an illness that had killed him on March 14,1883.

INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL SCIENCE 3 A key contributor to Psychology
Sigmund Freud Sigmund was an Austrian born on May 6,1856. He had attended the University of Vienna, qualifying in medicine and becoming a Doctor, later he had later carried out research of cerebral palsy,aphasia and microscopic neuroanatomy at the hospital of Vienna.After completing his research he had become a professor of a docent in neuropathology.”Freud developed psychoanalysis, a method through which an analyst unpacks unconscious conflicts based on the free associations, dreams and fantasies of the patient. His theories on child sexuality, libido and the ego, among other topics, were some of the most influential academic concepts of the 20th century”(bio.2015). On september 23,1939 Sigmund had died of cancer in his jaw, and three days later was cremated, acting on the request of his son.

INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL SCIENCE 4
Critique
Ruth Benedict Ruth Fulton Benedict wrote
Chrysanthemum and the sword her main point discusses the japanese cultural terms,and their system. As Benedict states in her introduction to the book,
The
Chrysanthemum and the Sword grew out of wartime research she did for the American State
Department and Office of War Information .Despite the stated intention to understand "the
Japanese" on their own cultural terms, Benedict shows the comparative method she first articulated in
Patterns of Culture
. . Within this profusion of comparison, "American culture" remains the important to which Benedict returns, describing Japanese beliefs and actions in idioms compared to the American audience she expected. (For example, in describing the elaborate Japanese system of moral debt and obligation, she returns repeatedly to the comparative metaphor of American beliefs in money lending; Benedict 1947:121) . The enemy who at the beginning of the book is the most alien we have ever fought is, by the end of it, the most reasonable we have ever conquered
Ruth was an anthropologist, and later became a professor. Benedict had used the American State
Department and Office of War Information, to gather inside information from Japan. Many people have agreed to what Ruth had said, and many are actually adding on to the facts that she had found. Its interesting to know and find out what Ruth had been telling the americans about the japanese system and culture. I do agree with what Ruth had said although times have changed it still would apply to japan now, knowing that japan has tried keeping its law an dreadions firm without westernization getting in the way.

INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL SCIENCE 5
Critique
Karl Marx Karl Marx had come up with the Marxist Theory. Certain concepts are key to an understanding of
Marxism
, a political theory that has shaped world politics for over 150 years. Key Marxist concepts are diametrically the opposite to capitalism and some believe have created a mentality of a society that is very much a ‘them and us’ one.
“Marx gave us a theory of society, i.e , an explanation of how society works, of how and why history has unfolded, and especially an account of the nature of capitalism. These are of great value for the task of describing what is going on in the world and for understanding the problems and directions of our society today. But Marx also regarded capitalism as extremely unsatisfactory and he was very concerned with getting rid of it, via violent revolution and the establishment of a communist society. Marxism is therefore also about political goals and action”(Trainer.2013)
Karl had tried to implement the increase in human welfare and have an economic growth under capitalism. However times have changed and this concept has grown to less beneficial for society.
Marx himself advances proofs in his system; and further that the evidence which Marx advances in his system is clearly not the same as that by means of which he himself arrives at his convictions, but was thought out as an artificial support for an opinion which was previously derived from other sources. This is the most decisive point–that the reasoning is full of the most obvious faults of logic and method which deprive it of all.
Marx evidence have been outdated but with the professor and researchers after him, they were able to bring the theory back into the study of sociology. through the research i have done, i am able to see what Karl Marx had tried to do in order to keep our society an account of natural capitalism. I do not agree with what Karl Marx had said in his theory, but understand what he was trying to do as a sociologist to keep his society under a good influence.

INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL SCIENCE 6 Critique
Sigmund Freud “Psychoanalytic therapy is one of the most well­known treatment modalities, but it is also one of the most misunderstood by mental health consumers. This type of therapy is based upon the theories and work of Sigmund Freud
, who founded the school of thought known as psychoanalysis.”(Kendra Cherry.2012)
Psychoanalytic treatment takes a gander at how the oblivious personality impacts considerations and practices. Therapy as often as possible includes taking a look at the right time youth encounters so as to find how these occasions may have formed the individual and how they add to current activities. Individuals experiencing psychoanalytic treatment frequently meet with their specialist at any rate once a week and may stay in treatment for various weeks, months, or years.Within this theory Karl Marx gave clear evidence and was able to show what types of issues would result in a person having to take psychoanalytic therapy.I do agree with Marx’s theory and i believe that using this theory when needed can definitely expand a person 's mind, and give them a variety of ways to think.

INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL SCIENCE 7

Bibliography/Reference
Ruth Benedict. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2015, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Benedict Ruth BenedictThe Chrysanthemum and the Sword. (1999, September 4). Retrieved February24,
2015,
http://classes.yale.edu/03­04/anth500b/projects/project_sites/02_alexy/ruthchrysanthemum. html (n.d.). Retrieved February 23, 2015, from http://www.saylor.org/site/wp­content/themes/Edu/curriculum/curriculumQAAJAX.php?action= getcourseunitqas&courseunitid=8241
Cherry, K. (n.d.). Sigmund Freud: His Remarkable Life, Theories, & Legacy. Retrieved February
23, 2015, from http://psychology.about.com/od/sigmundfreud/p/sigmund_freud.htm

Bibliography: Reference  Ruth Benedict. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2015, from  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Benedict  Ruth BenedictThe Chrysanthemum and the Sword. (1999, September 4). Retrieved February24,  html  (n.d.). Retrieved February 23, 2015, from  Cherry, K. (n.d.). Sigmund Freud: His Remarkable Life, Theories, & Legacy. Retrieved February  23, 2015, from ​