The Indians were here before the name American even existed. In Luther Standing Bear’s essay “what the Indian means to America”, he informed us of how great the American Indian is. While many scholars would debate on the true heritage of America’s beginning, The Indian would not join this argument because they alone know the real story of this country we call home. Within this essay the Indians are a breed of people that do not lie down easily. Many would strongly agree with Luther Standing Bear’s definition that the Indian is a true American. The Indians are the roots under America soil because of their strong connection with nature, their spiritual toughness, and their musical influence.…
I chose to summarize the speech of Shawnee Chief Tecumseh’s address to General William Henry Harrison. Chief Tecumseh starts his speech by addressing what type of person he is and who he has made himself to by. He is speaking to General Harrison about the division, loss, and sale or Indian lands. He believes the land is provided for everyone not for division among men. He warns of the trouble to be foreseen if village chiefs are continued to be destroyed and the war it will create between the different tribes and the unknown consequences for white people. If boundaries are crossed and the land is not given back it will produce great trouble between the Indians and white people. He asks for pity to be taken upon the red people and explains…
Dr Wingo studies Dr Shoemaker's traveling lecture on public health and domestic health, house bulding policy and education in more than 14 reservations in the West.…
Juan Gines de Sepulveda was a Spanish priest, theologian, and philosopher who wrote “A Second Democritus: on the just causes of the war with the Indians”. Sepulveda is most widely known for his involvement with Bartolome de la Casas in the debate at Valladolid in 1550 where he defended the position of the colonists by arguing that the Native Americans were barbaric, inferior, and incapable of self-governance. He believed that the Indians should be “natural slaves” and that violence was needed to make them be amendable to conversion. Sepulveda stated that, "Those whose condition is such that their function is the use of their bodies and nothing better can be expected of them, those, I say, are slaves of nature. It is better for them to be ruled thus." Juan Sepulveda is known as the ‘father of modern racism’ and the adversary of Bartolome de las Casas.…
"In examining the question how the disturbances on the frontiers are to be quieted, two modes present themselves, by which the object might perhaps be effected; the first of which is by raising an army, and (destroying the resisting] tribes entirely, or 2ndly by forming treaties of peace with them, in which their rights and limits should be explicitly defined, and the treaties observed on the part of the United States with the most rigid justice, by punishing the whites, who should violate the same. In considering the first mode, an inquiry would arise, whether, under the existing circumstances of affairs, the United States have a clear right, consistently with the principles of justice and the laws of nature, to proceed to the destruction or expulsion of the savages.... The Indians being the prior occupants, possess the right of the soil. It cannot be taken from them unless by their free consent, or by the right of conquest in case of a. just war. To dispossess them on any other principle, would be a gross violation of the fundamental laws of nature, and of that distributive justice which is the glory of a nation. But if it should be decided, on an abstract view of the situation, to remove by force the ... Indians from the territory they occupy, the finances of the United States would not at present…
John L. O’Sullivan had said, “‘... our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions.’” (www.britanica.com) During Andrew Jackson’s term, America had set its sights on the untamed West - which, inconveniently, happened to be the Indians’ territory. President Jackson decided to create a controversial treaty that would allow America to exchange the Indians’ land for a large piece of land in the Louisiana Territory. It was created on May 28, 1830 and sparked much criticism and support throughout the nation. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was justified because the Indians were enemies of America, they were given good land, and they were offered the government’s protection.…
In his message, “On Indian Removal”, Andrew Jackson uses the term “savages” to refer to the Native Americans. It is very obvious that the word “savage” is used as a derogatory term towards the native Americans. This contributes to the tone of the message as a whole because Jackson is convincing the Congress that the removal of the Native Americans is positive for white men and woman. In “Samuel’s Memory”, Michael Rutledge uses the term “whites” to refer to the white soldiers that were sent to remove the tribes from their land.…
With new changed American perceptions came new changes to laws and government. There were a bunch of new beliefs arising. Now the idea was to get rid of the Indians, make the land uninhabited so the wilderness land could be preserved. Spencer goes on to say that getting rid of that wilderness preservation went hand in hand with getting rid of the Indians. It…
His heavy usage of secondary sources demonstrates his reliance on other author’s arguments and ideas rather than constructing his own opinion from primary sources. For example, Calloway references various secondary sources, including Richard Lytle’s the Soldiers of America’s First Army when writing, “the army was ineffective at anything other than local police action” (20). Moreover, Calloway provides information that is not relevant to his argument, such as detailing the land purchases made by different companies, the political structure of Native Americans, and his failure to compare it directly to the political structure of the U.S. Furthermore, despite the book focusing on acknowledging Indian victory, Calloway focuses excessively on the American perspective rather than the Indian perspective. For instance, there was only one chapter devoted to the Indians while the rest of the book focused on problems faced by Americans. Although he mentions Indians in the other chapters, the focal point are the…
They grew corn, beans, squash and melons. They hunted and ate Kaibab squirrels, black tailed jack rabbits, small pigs, peccary, horses, buffalo and sheep. They baked kneel down bread, Navajo cake, Navajo pancakes, blue “dumplings”, blue bread, hominy cookies, and squash blossoms stuffed with blue corn mush and pinon leaves. They also steamed and roasted corn. They harvested wild fruits and vegetables such as pinon nuts, corn silk, wild berries, wild onion, Navajo spinach (bee weed and pig weed), wolf “berry”, wax currant, sumac grapes, juniper oranges, yucca bananas, and Navajo tea (telesperma). They also traded for deer, squash seeds, tumble mustard seeds, pinto beans, goat, goat milk, and goat cheese. In special occasions they would have wild edible clay, wild potatoes, mimosa, sagebrush, and juniper…
Thomas King uses Satire in his short story,“A Short History Of Indians In Canada ” to convey the theme of dehumanization of Aboriginal people in Canada, by depicting them as animals that are reliant on white people, while it may be a creative for king to express his arguments through, it’s an inappropriate to use humor, and parody depicting aboriginal people while knowing the treatment they have endured by European settlers, King ideas would have been presented more powerful than satire, because there would not be a need to depict the Aboriginal people as birds by their culture and identity, convey the voices of Aboriginal people rather than White people, and explain discrimination against Aboriginal rather than describing them as animals that need to be helped…
Firstly, the Revolutionary War brought change to America economically. The United States would gain land after their victory over Great Britain. However, the land that was gained was viewed as being unfairly taken by the Indians. The Seneca Chiefs, in a letter written to George Washington, stated that the United States, “demanded [a] great country,” and that, “All the lands of which [the Indians had] been speaking of belonged to the Six Nations. No part of it ever belonged to the King of England and he could never give it to [the Americans].…
Many of the men that traveled to the western areas believed that the Native Americans were misusing the land. They thought that the Indians should either be moved or destroyed in order to make way for the up and coming business environment that was soon to be present in the near future. The Americans from the East had an ideal mind set of how it didn 't matter who they had to go to war with or how many Indians they killed; they all thought that they were doing it for a good cause. In the end, they conquered the land, but not in the most heartfelt…
When the government could not levy punishment, it was up to the elites, militias and the army to do so in the name of “civilized order.” Government authorities went so far as to hang and/or decapitated criminals, leaving their bodies in public as an example of the consequences of crime [2]. Some of the most bloody conflicts in America was George Washington's campaign against the Indians. Washington had a wishy-washy attitude when it came to what he was going to do and how he was going to attempt reconciliation between the Indians and the colonists. On one side of the token he approached the situation with a mind set of equality, rights for the Indians and fairness, on the other side of the token he used “punishment and offensive operations” to advance the westward migration [State of the Union p515]. However, when diplomatic efforts failed, Washington had no problem asserting his control via violent conquest. The highest death count of American soldiers occurred during November of 1789 when both General Harmar and General St lair were defeated by Little Turtle. Expansion with Honor, a concept that Washington wanted to displace the Indians “with honor” was finally enacted when General Wayne defeated Little Turtle at Fallen Timbers [Lecture wk 6]. Although Washingtons goal was to “gradually integrate the natives” because was…
Native Americans have felt distress from societal and governmental interactions for hundreds of years. American Indian protests against these pressures date back to the colonial period. Broken treaties, removal policies, acculturation, and assimilation have scarred the indigenous societies of the United States. These policies and the continued oppression of the native communities produced an atmosphere of heightened tension. Governmental pressure for assimilation and their apparent aim to destroy cultures, communities, and identities through policies gave the native people a reason to fight. The unanticipated consequence was the subsequent creation of a pan-American Indian identity of the 1960s. These factors combined with poverty, racism, and prolonged discrimination fueled a resentment that had been present in Indian communities for many years. In 1968, the formation of the American Indian Movement took place to tackle the situation and position of Native Americans in society. This movement gave way to a series of radical protests, which were designed to draw awareness to the concerns of American Indians and to compel the federal government to act on their behalf. The movement's major events were the occupation of Alcatraz, Mount Rushmore, The Trail of Broken Treaties, and Wounded Knee II. These AIM efforts in the 1960s and 1970s era of protest contained many sociological theories that helped and hindered the Native Americans success. The Governments continued repression of the Native Americans assisted in the more radicalized approach of the American Indian Movement. Radical tactics combined with media attention stained the AIM and their effectiveness. Native militancy became a repertoire of action along with adopted strategies from the Civil Rights Movement. In this essay, I will explain the formation of AIM and their major events, while revealing that this identity based social movement's…