Christoph Schneider
Ross School of Business
Basic assumptions
Tax Rate
Beta Debt
Leverage (D/V)
Leverage (D/E)
1997
35.5%
0.25
0.00
0.00
1996
39.4%
1995
35.1%
Average
36.7%
Comparable companies’ βE
Tax Rate
Beta Debt
Leverage (D/V)
Leverage (D/E)
Discount Brokerage Firms
Charles Schwab
Quick & Reilly
Waterhouse Securities
1997
35.5%
1996
39.4%
β E from
Jan'92-Dec'96
2.30
2.20
β E from all months
2.35
2.30
1.40
0.25
0.00
0.00 β E from
Jan 92-Sep 96
2.26
2.36
3.19
1995
35.1%
Average
36.7%
Comparable companies’ leverage
Tax Rate
Beta Debt
Leverage (D/V)
Leverage (D/E)
Discount Brokerage Firms
Charles Schwab
Quick & Reilly
Waterhouse Securities
1997
35.5%
1996
39.4%
1995
35.1%
Average
36.7%
0.25
0.00
0.00 β E from
Jan 92-Sep 96
2.26
2.36
3.19
β E from
Jan'92-Dec'96
2.30
2.20
Debt/Value
0.08
0.00
0.38
Equity/Value
0.92
1.00
0.62
Average
Beta of Assets (β U ) β TXS = β D β TXS = β U
2.19
2.13
2.20
2.20
2.37
2.07
2.25
2.14
Comparable companies’ βU
Tax Rate
Beta Debt
Leverage (D/V)
Leverage (D/E)
Discount Brokerage Firms
Charles Schwab
Quick & Reilly
Waterhouse Securities
1997
35.5%
1996
39.4%
1995
35.1%
Average
36.7%
0.25
0.00
0.00 β E from
Jan 92-Sep 96
2.26
2.36
3.19
β E from
Jan'92-Dec'96
2.30
2.20
Debt/Value
0.08
0.00
0.38
Equity/Value
0.92
1.00
0.62
Average
Beta of Assets (β U ) β TXS = β D β TXS = β U
2.19
2.13
2.20
2.20
2.37
2.07
2.25
2.14
Ameritrade’s βU and βE
Tax Rate
Beta Debt
Leverage (D/V)
Leverage (D/E)
Discount Brokerage Firms
Charles Schwab
Quick & Reilly
Waterhouse Securities
1997
35.5%
1996
39.4%
1995
35.1%
0.25
0.00
0.00 β E from
Jan 92-Sep 96
2.26
2.36
3.19
β E from
Jan'92-Dec'96
2.30
2.20
Debt/Value
0.08
0.00
0.38
Equity/Value
0.92
1.00
0.62