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Americans have a tradition of fighting that goes long past the formation of the United States and before the official creation of its Army. John Grenier argues in his book, The First Way of War, that this long history created by early Americans “created a military tradition that accepted, legitimized, and encouraged attacks upon and the destruction of noncombatants, villages, and agricultural resources” (pg. 10). His purpose of the book is to offer a differing perspective from the common belief that American warfare stems from an organized army and he presents the argument that it rather stems from petite guerre. John Grenier’s book follows a chronological order from the early 1600s to 1815. His book is composed of 7 chapters that each focus on a different aspect of his thesis and continue the timeline in his book.…
English Protestants created a large group of people in the 16th and 17th centuries called the Puritans. These people advocated strict religious discipline along with a strong beliefs and worshipping. The Scarlet Letter reflected on Puritan Society in several ways, from religion to discipline and punishment. Religion seemed to control everyone, the reverend was the person that everyone looked up to, and the community, as a whole, believed in fate and destiny. Puritan relationships were very restricted, therefore making adultery a terrible sin in the eyes of the community. In the 17th century, Boston was extremely strict and the laws were strongly enforced, making Hester’s sin a great example of the consequences the Puritans suffered. Public displays of punishment were used to both teach the criminal a lesson and to show the other members of the community that what was done shouldn’t be repeated.…
In the great book of The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne is found guilty of adultery. As punishment she must wear a scarlet “A”, which stands for adultery or affair. She stood on a scaffold holding her infant child in humiliation of her sin. Officials of the town attempted to make Hester give up the name of the father of her child. Hester refused to tell anyone, she remained quiet, and accepted her crime alone. Hester could have easily escaped the situation she was in. At any time she could have left Boston, and left all the hardship she had to go through but Hester didn’t leave, it never crossed her mind to attempt an escape. Hester Prynne didn't leave Boston because, in the end instead of people looking down on her they will look up to her.…
Society fails Hester during her judgment on the scaffold in the first scene. Throughout her public condemning, the "women in the crowd make disparaging comments," the children taunt her," and the "men stare"(47). The townspeople view Prynne as someone whose transgressions are unforgivable and outweigh their own sins. In response to the crowd's reaction, Hester rises above her adversities, and rather than struggle against reality, she accepts her sins and doesn't attempt to reject her sentencing. In fact, the flashy manner at which she embroiders here symbol of shame seems to declare that she is proud, rather than ashamed, of her sin.…
The puritan women were very conservative, and thought of adultery as a terrible sin and something very repulsive. Hester suffered from humiliation and became a victim of public shaming. When she was on the scaffold at the marketplace, an old woman in the crowd yelled, “This woman has brought shame upon us all, and ought to die. Is there not law for it? Truly there is, both in the Scripture and the statute-book. Then let the magistrates, who have made it of no effect, thank themselves if their own wives and daughters go astray!” (Hawthorne 59). The woman expressed her hatred against Hester Prynne and her wish of Hester dying. Certainly, Hester was in danger of dying because of the horrific crime she committed, which eventually…
Hester’s affair was during the time bible was the law, and what she did was a bit taboo in the church’s eyes. One bad decision changes her entire life. Her husband being away for a long period of time obviously made her feel lonely, and she needed someone to fulfill womanly her needs. Instead, she ended up with a baby and a big, red “A” on her chest for seven years. She lives on the outskirts of Boston with Pearl, and she is ostracized by everyone in town. She makes a living by sewing, because she is very talented in her work. However, “it is not recorded that, in a single instance, her skill was called in aid to embroider the white veil which was to cover pure blushes of bride” (Hawthorne 83). Virgin brides were not allowed to wear veil’s made by her because of her sinful acts, it would be considered shameful. Although Hester had to face many problems due to her sinful actions, she wore the “A” out in the open and wore her sin with confidence. She was said to look beautiful when she walked out of the prison. When Hester is made to stand on the scaffold alone for three hours, she does it with grace and acceptance. She accepts what she did and the consequences that come along with it. Whereas Hester has many unavoidable obstacles caused by her sin, Edna does not face much ridicule by society. Since this novel takes place in the nineteenth century, punishment by law will not be a…
Hester was forced to confess her sin to the world, unlike her counterpart Dimmesdale. She was forced to be truthful and accept the punishment and stigma; “Thus the young and pure would be taught to look at her, with the scarlet letter flaming on her breast,—at her, the child of honorable parents,—at her, the mother of a babe, that would hereafter be a woman, —at her, who had once been innocent, —as the figure, the body, the reality of sin” (chapter 5, page 54), This quote demonstrates how the Puritan Community placed all of the blame and burden of the sin of adultery on Hester. She was forced to accept all of the shame that…
“Whose is the greater guilt therein when either’s conduct may dismay: she who sins and takes the pay, or he who pays her for her sin?” (Cruz 296). In the 1600’s, when a woman commits adultery and brings shame upon her husband she is often put to death as punishment. However, in Hester Prynne’s case she is shamed with a scarlet letter and excluded from society. In the novel written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter, Hester is forced to wear a Scarlet Letter “A” upon be bosom for the rest of her life. Yet, why is one person punished when the act of adultery must be committed by two? Hester’s partner in the sin committed, Mr. Dimmesdale, even though he was not revealed until the end of the story, would not have faced a punishment so severe.…
Jamie Barlowe wrote a literary criticism about the novel called The Scarlet Mob of Scribblers: Rereading Hester Prynne. In this piece of literature, Barlowe also expresses how Hester Prynne was alienated from the Puritan community. The scarlet letter “A” placed on Hester’s bosom represents the sin she committed and reminds her every day of the mistake she made. Throughout history, the color red symbolized sin and evil (Barlowe 44). Once again society has a big impact on how one is seen by others. Barlowe states “We come from a society where the lady in red is all danger and unresolvable mystery” (10). Hester is most definitely seen as the woman with whom not to associate. She was seen as “sin” and was the symbol of what people should not become. Barlowe reinforces the fact that Hester was “socially, politically, and religiously alienated from the community” (44). Although Hester was seen as an outcast, her tragedy led to a valuable lesson for all. She taught readers that people make mistakes, and they must hold their head up high and dig deep for their inner strength. . Hester Prynne was a prime example that one’s silence cannot protect oneself (Barlowe 10). The Scarlet Letter depicts how people will form unfair opinions and judgments. Hester contradicts this depiction towards the end of the novel when she starts helping out the sick. She does everything she can to prove to towns people and herself that she is a good person despite her mistake. The letter “A” soon turned from “adulterer” to “able”. Being shunned from society had really taught Hester that other’s opinions matter far less than the opinion we have of ourselves. That is the opinion in life that matters most of…
The New England Puritans came to America to make change for themselves and free themselves from religious ruling. As a religious colony, the Puritans main focus was on God in everything they did. The settlement made a large influence on America in the 1620s through 1730s. These influences still stand strong even today. The New England Puritans made many political, social, and economic contributions to America that formed a strong society.…
In the 1630s, the Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the North to detach themselves from the Church of England, and to pursue religious tolerance. Puritans lead lives that emphasized hard work and discipline, which caused them to be perceived as narrow-minded, and very strict in religion and morals. Despite what early colonists then and citizens of America today believe, some Puritans did not comply with their stereotypical lives of high morals and no sex. “The popular assumption might be that the Puritans frowned on marriage and tried to hush up the physical aspect of it as much as possible…” but the Puritan society endured the troubles of fornication, adultery, and additional sins. (1-7) “Though the Puritans established a code of laws which demanded perfection- which demanded in other words strict obedience to the will of God, they nevertheless knew that frail human beings could never live up to the code.” (4-5) The appearance of fornication, adultery, rape, and illegitimate children were no surprise to the Puritans, yet they still enforced forms of punishment to create some…
The Puritans were religious exiles that left their home of England and settled in the New England states of Massachusetts, Connecticut, Maine, and New Hampshire. This would later be known as the “Mass Bay Colony”. From 1630 – 1643 over 9,000 people migrated from England. The Puritans believed they would “purify and reform” their own religion by creating a “righteous Utopia” which would break ties from Catholicism and the rule of the Kings of England. They were led by John Winthrop who was also a lawyer. The Puritans believed if they honored God with their strict and severe “work ethic” they would succeed and be chosen by God. This became known as the “Protestant Work Ethic”. Their belief was that hard work is a Christian duty and it…
Every hero has to have their brutal beginnings before they blossom into their true hero status. For Hester Prynne, this was the constant critism and negative views the Puritan community held for Hester because of her commiting the crime of adultery, ultimately leading her to evolve into a stronger person. The townspeople feel like Hester’s sin deserves "At the very least…a hot iron on [her] forehead,” or even death. (Hawthorne, 53) Hester’s heroic charcteristics are first seen when she comes out of the prison. Every one expects Hester to be “dimmed and obscured by a disastrous cloud,” when she walks out , but instead she emerges with “a haughty smile, and a glance that would not be abashed,” (55). Despite the harsh critisicm of the Puritan society, Hester does not allow herself to be influenced and show shame for her acts, like the community thinks she should. The critiscms of the town do not weaken Hester as a person, rather strengthen her to stand strong and accept her punishment with grace instead of shame. Hester also grew through the wearing of the letter “A” on her bosom. The letter was put on the bosom of Hester to inform the whole community of Hester’s sin. However, Hester embroidered the “A” “so fantastically…It had the effect of a spell, taking her out of the ordinary relations with humanity, and enclosing her in a sphere by herself,” (56). By making the letter look beautiful rather than shameful, like the towns intentions, Hester proves…
Hester Prynne is does not conform to the society she lives in. At the beginning of the book, Hester Prynne is put in jail because she committed adultery. They punish her by being requiring her to wear a red A that stands for “adulterer”. When she comes out of the jail the townspeople are angry at how beautiful the A looks.. “It was so artistically done, and with so much fertility and…
Life during the Puritan colonies were based upon God’s law. They believed the bible was the key to salvation. They also believed that people were either born sinful, and bound to a life in Hell, or they were destined to to be saved. The only thing that could save their life was purity and pray. Puritans believed in hard work and discipline in life with religious jobs. People who were engaging in sinful activities were humiliated in public and punished for their sinful acts.…