Melissa Lowder
Western Governors University
Literature, Arts, and the Humanities: Analysis and Interpretation
A1. Earlier Historical Art Period - Impressionism
Impressionism could be considered the first modern movement in painting. It started in the 19th century in Paris. Paintings labeled Impressionist art was produced between about 1867 and 1886 (Art T. M., 2000-2014). Claude Monet, Edgar Degas and Camille Pissarro are artists that are included in this style of painting. (Art T. M., 2000-2014). A critic Louis Leroy named the Impressionist movement. He saw “Claude Monet's Impression, Sunrise exhibited in 1874, and stated it was a sketch or "impression" not finished painting. Short visible strokes are the style included in Impressionism. This may include dots, commas, smears and/or blobs. Paintings in this style often show shadows and highlights in color. This style of loose brushwork gives an effect of spontaneity and effortlessness. Brief moments of life are shown in paintings by Impressionism artists. (Art T. M., 2000-2014).
There was major political and social transition in central Europe that helped lead into the Impressionism period. This included the 19th Century industrial expansion. Farmers were forced to become paid labors in factories. Governments across Europe are exploring methods to balance the polarities of social right and material progress. Churches were trying to use new scientific knowledge and social theory against the ancient scriptures. “France was experiencing various governments and various forms of government rising and succeeding another between the absolute monarchies that ends with Louis the XVI in 1789” (Hammerstingl, 1998). Among these turbulent years France saw political outcomes that range from reign of terror, constitutional monarchy, a republic, a royal restoration and a socialist commune as well as the Napoleonic Empire.
These artists came