Analysis of OSI and TCP/IP model

OSI stands for Open Systems OSI model. It is based on a proposal, developed by International Standard Organization (ISO) as a first step towards International standardization of the proposal used in the various layers (Day and Zimmerman 1988).It was revised in 1995.The Model is called ISO OSI(Open System Interconnection) reference model. The OSI has seven layers, placed in a Stack format. The principles that are applied to arrive at the seven layers are. A layer should be created where different abstraction is needed. Each layer performs a well defined function. The function of each layer should be chosen with an eye towards defining Internationally Standard Protocols. The layer boundaries should be chosen to minimize the ‘Information Flow’ across the interface. The number of layer should be large enough that distinct function need not be thrown together in the same layer out of necessity that small enough that the architecture does not become unwieldy. It was created as a framework and reference model to explain how different networking technologies work together and interact. It is not a standard that networking protocols must follow. It is the backbone of Networking.
TCP/IP refers to Transmission Control protocol/Internet Protocol. Transmission Control Protocol is a Protocol that works with the Internet Protocol (IP) to send packets of data between computers over Internet. Together, the TCP and IP Protocols established rules for how information is passed through the Internet. TCP is known as connection oriented protocols which means the connection is established and maintained the application programs at each end have completed exchanging messages. In the Open System Interconnection (OSI) communication model, TCP is in layer 4, the Transport layer. The Transport Protocol determines the size of the largest data until that’s supported any of the involved networks and segments the data into packets accordingly. It also manages flow control and the