Anatomy and Physiology

Assignment p1
This assignment is based on P1 where I will outline the cells structure and will also portray the main activities of the organelles. The cell is the main structural and functional group of all living organisms. It is the smallest unit of life which is a form of living things, and is often called the building block of life. Cells are grouped together to form tissues which all have specialized functions.

There are many structures to a cell which all carry out different activities. The nucleus is found in every cell in the body and is the largest structure in the cell. The nucleus contains 23 pairs of chromosomes which are arranged from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
The Golgi apparatus is also one of the structures found in the cell which is also known as Golgi complex and is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. They are present in every cell but is broad in particular in those which synthesize and outlet protein. The protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus which are then confined into the membrane-bound vesicles called “secretory granules”.
The mitochondria have a “sausage shaped’ format in the cytoplasm. Mitochondria are associated in aerobic respiration where chemical energy is made accessible in the cell. This is the form of ATP, which releases energy when the cell breaks in down.
Ribosome is also a structure of the cell which are little granules made up of RNA and protein. The ribosome synthesise proteins from amino acids using RNA as the template. Ribosome also makes protein for use within the cells such as for enzymes needed for metabolism. Ribosomes are also sighted on the outer layer of the nuclear envelope and rough endoplasmic reticulum where they manufacture proteins for export from the cell.
Lysosomes are one of the types of secretory vesicle formed by Golgi apparatus. It contains a cross section of enzymes occupied in breaking down atoms of organelles and large molecules. Lysosomes in white blood cells take in enzymes that digest foreign material such as microbes.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a chain of interconnecting membranous canals in the cytoplasm. There are two types: smooth and rough. Smooth ER synthsises lipids and steroid hormones and Rough ER are studded with ribosomes.
The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. It basically protects the cell from outside forces. It consists of the phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, ion conductivity and cell signaling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures, including the cell wall, glycocalyx, and intracellular cytoskeleton. Cell membranes can be artificially reassembled (Wikipedia)

In conclusion, cells are the basic building blocks of life. They have been designed with many different structures which have been opposed to carry out different functions within the cell. Cells are very important as they have been designed to form tissues which combine together to form organs. Then organs are grouped together to form systems. So from this you can tell without these your body will not function properly e.g. no digestion (http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_importance_of_cells).

References from webpages : http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_importance_of_cells http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_nucleus http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_membrane http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)#Structures_outside_the_cell_membrane
Wilson, R (2006) Anatomy and Physiology (page 30-31)

References: from webpages : http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_importance_of_cells http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_nucleus http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_membrane http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)#Structures_outside_the_cell_membrane Wilson, R (2006) Anatomy and Physiology (page 30-31)