Anatomy and Physiology - Essay
Key Terms & Concepts
Anatomy and Physiology 1H06, W2012
You should be able to describe and/or demonstrate an understanding of the following:
*this is not an exhaustive list…
Cardiovascular Anatomy
• Heart: Location (Mediastinum), Base vs Apex, Major Landmarks (SVC, IVC, Pulm. Trunk, Aorta)
• Relational Anatomy: Structures Above, Below, Anterior & Posterior to Heart
• Surface Features: Anterior & Posterior (Atria, Ventricles, Great Vessels, Sulci)
• Sulci: Coronary Sulcus, Interventricular Sulcus
• Coronary Vasculature
o Coronary Arteries: Left (Circumflex, LAD), Right (Marginal, Posterior Interventricular)
o Coronary Veins: Left (Great Cardiac), Right (Small, Anterior, Middle), Coronary Sinus
• Pericardium: Fibrous, Perietal & Visceral (Serous/Epicardium) -> Cardiac Tamponade
• Heart Wall
o 3 layers (Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium)
o Differences between L&R Ventricle (Thickness, Workload)
o Inflammation: Epicarditis, Myocarditis, Endocarditis
• Chambers: Path of Blood Flow (2 Closed Circuits, Location of Oxy & Deoxy Blood)
• Heart Valves (what is their function?)
o Atrioventricular: Tricuspid vs Bicuspid (Mitral); Role of Chordae Tendineae & Papillary m.
o Semilumar: Pulmonary vs Aotic
o Fibrous Skeleton (3 Functions)
o Heart Sounds: Orientation of Heart determines direction of Echo (Valve Closure)
o Disease: Stenosis vs Prolapse; Murmur
Cardiovascular Development
• Postnatal (Adult) vs Fetal Circulation (where does vascular resistance differ and why?) • Fetal Circulation
o Specializations: Placenta, Umbilical Veins, Ductus Venosus, Foramen Ovale, Ductus Arteriosus, Umbilical Arteries
o What do they become in the adult?
o Where does Oxy & Deoxy Blood mix in the Fetus?
• Development of the Tubular Heart
o Major Stages: Fused Tube, Indentation,
Anatomy and Physiology 1H06, W2012
You should be able to describe and/or demonstrate an understanding of the following:
*this is not an exhaustive list…
Cardiovascular Anatomy
• Heart: Location (Mediastinum), Base vs Apex, Major Landmarks (SVC, IVC, Pulm. Trunk, Aorta)
• Relational Anatomy: Structures Above, Below, Anterior & Posterior to Heart
• Surface Features: Anterior & Posterior (Atria, Ventricles, Great Vessels, Sulci)
• Sulci: Coronary Sulcus, Interventricular Sulcus
• Coronary Vasculature
o Coronary Arteries: Left (Circumflex, LAD), Right (Marginal, Posterior Interventricular)
o Coronary Veins: Left (Great Cardiac), Right (Small, Anterior, Middle), Coronary Sinus
• Pericardium: Fibrous, Perietal & Visceral (Serous/Epicardium) -> Cardiac Tamponade
• Heart Wall
o 3 layers (Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium)
o Differences between L&R Ventricle (Thickness, Workload)
o Inflammation: Epicarditis, Myocarditis, Endocarditis
• Chambers: Path of Blood Flow (2 Closed Circuits, Location of Oxy & Deoxy Blood)
• Heart Valves (what is their function?)
o Atrioventricular: Tricuspid vs Bicuspid (Mitral); Role of Chordae Tendineae & Papillary m.
o Semilumar: Pulmonary vs Aotic
o Fibrous Skeleton (3 Functions)
o Heart Sounds: Orientation of Heart determines direction of Echo (Valve Closure)
o Disease: Stenosis vs Prolapse; Murmur
Cardiovascular Development
• Postnatal (Adult) vs Fetal Circulation (where does vascular resistance differ and why?) • Fetal Circulation
o Specializations: Placenta, Umbilical Veins, Ductus Venosus, Foramen Ovale, Ductus Arteriosus, Umbilical Arteries
o What do they become in the adult?
o Where does Oxy & Deoxy Blood mix in the Fetus?
• Development of the Tubular Heart
o Major Stages: Fused Tube, Indentation,