Anatomy Study Guide Unit 1
WEEK 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
1. Define the terms anatomy and physiology, and explain their relationship using an example of a human structure with its corresponding function. Anatomy is the study of the human body while physiology, is the study of how the body functions. For example, the cardiovascular system includes the heart, veins, and blood. The heart produces a controlled electrical shock that causes the heart to contort. This creates a pumping action that pushes the blood through the veins and arties of the body.
2. List, in order from least to most complex, the levels of structural organization, discuss the relationship between the levels, and name an example at each level.
a) Chemical Level: atoms combine to form molecules.
b) Cellular Level: cells are made up of molecules.
c) Tissue Level: tissues consist of similar types of cells.
d) Organ Level: organs are made up of different tissues. Ex) Muscles are made of connective tissue, skeletal muscle tissue, and nerve tissue.
e) Organ System Level: organ systems are consist of different organs that work closely together. Ex) The digestive system is made up of the mouth, esophagus, the stomach, the small intestine, the large intestine, the gallbladder, the rectum, etc.
f) Organismal Level: human organisms are made up of many organ systems. Ex) human have the skeletal system, muscular system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, nervous system, integumentary system, digestive system, reproductive system, etc.
3. List the 11 organ systems of the human organism, name the major organs within each, and give a general function for each system.
a. Integumentary- forms the external body covering: the epidermis.
b. Skeletal- protects and supports soft bodily organs: bones, joints, and cartilage.
c. Muscular- allows locomotion, maintains posture, and produces heat: muscles
d. Nervous- fast-acting control system that responds to internal and external stimulus: the
1. Define the terms anatomy and physiology, and explain their relationship using an example of a human structure with its corresponding function. Anatomy is the study of the human body while physiology, is the study of how the body functions. For example, the cardiovascular system includes the heart, veins, and blood. The heart produces a controlled electrical shock that causes the heart to contort. This creates a pumping action that pushes the blood through the veins and arties of the body.
2. List, in order from least to most complex, the levels of structural organization, discuss the relationship between the levels, and name an example at each level.
a) Chemical Level: atoms combine to form molecules.
b) Cellular Level: cells are made up of molecules.
c) Tissue Level: tissues consist of similar types of cells.
d) Organ Level: organs are made up of different tissues. Ex) Muscles are made of connective tissue, skeletal muscle tissue, and nerve tissue.
e) Organ System Level: organ systems are consist of different organs that work closely together. Ex) The digestive system is made up of the mouth, esophagus, the stomach, the small intestine, the large intestine, the gallbladder, the rectum, etc.
f) Organismal Level: human organisms are made up of many organ systems. Ex) human have the skeletal system, muscular system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, nervous system, integumentary system, digestive system, reproductive system, etc.
3. List the 11 organ systems of the human organism, name the major organs within each, and give a general function for each system.
a. Integumentary- forms the external body covering: the epidermis.
b. Skeletal- protects and supports soft bodily organs: bones, joints, and cartilage.
c. Muscular- allows locomotion, maintains posture, and produces heat: muscles
d. Nervous- fast-acting control system that responds to internal and external stimulus: the