Ancient Rome Test

Ancient Rome, Part 2 Test

Multiple Choice /25
Julius Cesar, Emperors, (Tiberius, Augustus).
General information
Roman Architecture, what type of pillar is it? /5
Doric, ionic, Corthinan columns
Definitions, coliseums, basilica, forum /18
Roman vocab
Emperors /15
Pick 3 from the list, and give description
Passage, and answer questions /12

Julius Caesar
Born in 100 BC, his family was a prestigious clan, “Julians”
Served as a governor of the province of Spain (61-62)
Governor to the province of Gaul where he added all of France and Belgium to Rome
He returned to Rome with his army and took over Rome as a dictator
Tried to make the changes Tiberius wanted to make, cancellation of debts and land to the soldiers
He created the leap year calendar
In 44 BC he declared himself dictator for life
Assonated by a group of senators led by Cassius and Brutus on the Ides of March in 44 BC
Caesar’s nephew, Octavian known as Augustus become the first emperor
Augustus
Bestowed the name imperator ( commander in chief of the armies)
Augustus ruled as monarch
From 27 BC to 14 AD Augustus sponsored many reforms
a) organized the army into a disciplined, professional force loyal to the emperor , encouraged them to settle in the provinces, extended citizenship to army veterans
b) granted citizenship to people in the provinces
c) to end corruption, he developed an efficient civil service open to men of talent regardless of political standing, the servants were paid
d) ordered a census so that tax rates could be fairly assessed made princeps, meaning first citizen made imperaor meaning successful general made Pontifex Maximus meaning chief religious leader made tribune
Roman Architecture
5 Types of Columns
Greek Developed 3:
Doric: uses a cushion-like capital, tapered shaft, and lack of base
Ionic: used to curve volute capital, straight, fluted shaft and stepped base Corinthian: acanthus leaf capital, straight fluted
Romans added 2: Tuscan, composite
Definitions
aqueduct: system of pipes and channels which brings clean water into towns barbarian: a person who lives outside the roman empire, seen as having a violent nature basilica: large building where town business was carried out (Town Hall) camouflage: an aid designed to hide or disguise something cavalry: soldiers who fight on horseback chariot: cart with two wheels pulled by horses. Romans raced chariots and Celtic warriors rode into battle on them election: process where people vote to choose the people they want to be in charge forum: open space in the middle of a town for markets and meeting people (market square) gladiator: slave trained to fight other gladiators or animals in amphitheaters hypocaust: roman central heating- it works by hot air flowing through gaps between walls and flooring
Latin: language spoken and written by romans legend: story made up about people in the past mosaic: pattern made from coloured pieces of stones and pottery myth: made up story often about gods and spirits which is told to explain things about the world pedagogue : a roman slave who was trained as a teacher. professional: a person trained to do a special job in exchange for payment (wages) mural: large design/picture directly on a wall of public building barrel vault: half-round stone ceiling made by placing a series of round arches from front to back (tunnel vault) key stone: central and highest top stone in an arch grain vault: vault formed when 2 barrel vaults meet at a right angle pilasters: flat, rectangular columns attached to a wall, they may be decorative or used to buttress the wall.
Niche: recess in a wall
Coffer: indented panel
Nave: long, wide, center aisle
Apse: semicircular area at the end of the nave