In Witches, Wife Beaters, and Whores: Common Law and Common Folk in Early America, Elaine Forman Crane encourages readers to think of the book as similar to a fictionalized short story collection. However, the collection is truly a compilation of six nonfiction microhistories with each telling an individual account of “the ways in which legal culture and daily life were knotted together in early America.” (4) Common law and formal law often contrasted during the early stages of settlement because what was morally acceptable was not always reflected in the formals laws of an area. Crane contends that “ordinary people ‘made’ laws by establishing and enforcing informal rules of conduct” and “law was a matter of deep concern to the original settlers.” (5-8) Through the use of legal documents, case reports, and other primary documents, Crane attempts to strengthen her arguments that the legal culture and daily life were deeply intertwined concerns of the settlers and that through the legal process created new laws from old customs.…
In the 1660s, the number of African-Americans among the entire population of New England was 1.7%. The percentage of found-out adulteresses was even less. Nevertheless, a truly gifted seamstress such as Hester Prynne wasn’t standing on ever street corner. The public all agreed that ordinarily, finery and indulgence was frowned upon in the Puritanic society. However, some held the opinion that Governor Bellingham was keeping enough distance between himself and Hester Prynne, and that it was appropriate for him to have employed her to fashion embroidered gloves for state occasions; Others frowned upon his decision and believed he should not have employed Hester Prynne.…
William Byrd was born on his father's plantation in Virginia but brought up in Essex and remained in England for most of his early life. Aged thirty when his father died in 1704, William returned to Virginia to manage the family's 26,000 acre estate and later built a fine house there which stands today. William was hardy and energetic and, like most Virginians of his time, often in the saddle. A great traveler, he was no ordinary pioneer: this was a man of culture, wide accomplishments and considerable charm, a genial host who had powerful friends on both sides of the Atlantic. William attended Felsted Grammar School near Braintree for nine years when Christopher Glasscock was its headmaster and then studied law at the Middle Temple. He was called to the Bar in 1695, served a short apprenticeship in Holland and visited the Court of Louis XIV. In London William was becoming known as a satirical writer and wit, and in 1696, through the good offices of his mentor Sir Robert Southwell, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. His influence grew and he was appointed Virginia's colonial agent in London and was thus at the heart of the conflict between Crown and Colony that was eventually to spark into Revolution. No man had a better preparation for representing the old world in the new and vice versa. William Byrd II was an aspiring English cavalier; at the end, a protean Enlightenment figure.…
The main thesis of the book is honor and how it relates to every part of the southern way of life and culture. This book describes the ways honor is used to further prejudices and keep the ways of life in tact, even through the progressing society around them. He describes honor as an all‐encompassing element of life and thought in the South. Honor was immortal and derived its value from the opinions of others through a complex but well‐understood, and apparently, well‐adhered social hierarchy. Wyatt-Brown builds a convincing case that honor provides structure and implicit discipline for an ordered and hierarchical society. The details of this southern society of honor are revealed through dualistic and conflicting expressions of gentility, the absolute order of the family, and an extensive discussion on sexual honor. Gentility was sought as a measure of worth derived from a requirement to be sociable, well educated, and moral.…
The standard of an ideal woman has changed dramatically over the centuries. And the differences are certainly apparent when comparing the modern expectations to the Puritan’s. The most important difference being that the standards were much stricter and the idea of an ideal Puritan woman was very prevalent in society. Consequently, many readings during the 16th century emphasizes the necessary qualities of an ideal Puritan woman. One of which is Jonathan Edwards’ essay, in which he offers a male perspective by describing his perfect woman, Sarah Pierrepont. Additionally, Anne Bradstreet reflects a female view on how an ideal Puritan woman should be through her poem, “To My Dear and Loving Husband.” Lastly,…
William was born in Kittery, Maine. He was educated in a public school, but couldn’t embrace all his learning. He soon quit school and went on a merchant vessel he did commercial business on the sea. By 1759 he still was in the trade business with his brother. In early years he entered into the controversy between Americans and British.…
First of all William was one of the most sedulous people I have ever read about or even heard of (he never gives up). When most people would give up, he worked hard to do something with his life and not just be a poor farmer forever. “All day Geoffrey and I dug through the rubbish pits at his house, Aunt Chrissy’s house, Socrates’ house,…
Everyday life in Colonial Virginia, much like society today, was shaped by social divisions. It’s influence was seen in almost every aspect of a person’s life: their home, their religion, their education, and their leisure time. Having a certain status was not enough for the gentry of this time, it was just as important that the wealthy were able to flaunt how much they had to give away. Events like going to church or going to a tavern were now key social outings that reinforced one’s place in society. Although social mobility was slim, everyone strived to assert their dominance amongst their social peers.…
In the early 1700’s the lives of men and women were very different. Social equality was not extended to the women in the household. Wealth, intelligence, and social status were not of importance when it came to be head of the household. They were taught that their husbands were above then and that it was a “wife’s duty” to “love and reverence them,” (Henretta 97).…
He did not want to return to his hometown of Hull to lead his family’s trading, so William left the job to his mother’s new husband, Abel Smith. He also no longer had complete faith in the Catholic Church after what he had been taught in his time with the Methodists in London, so a sacred job was not on the table during that point in his life. Furthermore, due to his lack of academic motivation whilst at Cambridge, Wilberforce could not become a lawyer. Luckily for him, William still possessed the charisma and incredible speaking abilities he discovered during his childhood, and keeping that in mind, wrote in his journal, “At this time I knew there was a general election coming on and at Hull the conversation often turned to politics and rooted me to ambition,” deciding to become a member of…
This primary text from Clara Reeve’s “The Old English Baron” exhibits the struggle between Sir Phillip Harclay and Lord Fitz-Owen (The Old English Baron) about allowing Edmund to marry his daughter. Although “The Old English Baron” takes place in the Medieval period, Reeves integrated modern 18th century culture into her story. English society in the eighteenth century held social class in very high regards and there wasn’t much one could do to change their status. Aside from Sir Phillip, many of the characters have shown a very didactic approach to society and their social class. Following these moral standards, how does society react when someone amongst them exceeds their ranked class in terms of looks, charm, and strength?…
A. She married a man named William Hutchinson, and stayed in her hometown in England and raised 15 children with him. Anne held private religious preaching ceremonies in her house because of her busy schedule as a married, stay at home, working mother. (Anne Hutchinson, para #5)…
• Why was Anne Hutchinson such a threat to Puritan society that leaders decided to banish her? Remember that other dissenters in Puritan society were treated differently. Be sure to consider social, political, and religious reasons. This situation was more complex than a bunch of fanatical or sexist leaders using their power to oppress, so make sure you approach the complexity of the history appropriately.…
‘The Unequal Fetters ’written by Anne Finch (1661-1720) is about how women are locked down in relationships.…
Between 1837 and 1901, Britain experienced a period where the way activities were carried out was experiencing a big change; this period of time was known as the Industrial Revolution. However, the moral values and social customs remained the way they were and everyone strictly followed these values. In ‘The Importance of Being Ernest’, the main characters are all people from the upper class and therefore it is very important for them to abide by these rules in order for them to be seen as pure and have a high social status. In this essay, I will be discussing the norms of Victorian behavior and customs of Victorian marriage rituals and romance; and will be relating this to the events at the end of Act I of…