Ap Art History: Renaissance Study Guide

Period: Early Renaissance (1200-1400)
Characteristics: Heavy symbolism as well as extreme detail, vibrant, rich colors, religious scenes Location: Italy Characterized by: Everyday life, religious like byzantine, architecture Romanesque w/ gothic ornamentation
• Nicolo Pisano o Pulpit (1260)
• Highly detailed-classical
• Nicola (Giovanni son) Pisano o The Annunciation , Nativity, Admiration of the Shepherds (1270)
• Plaza and Cathedral of Florence (1290) o Very Romanesque piazza w/ limited decoration o Cathedral: gothic pointed arches not very tall, dome by Brunelleschi
• Life of John the Baptist door by Andres Pisano (1330) Giotto
• Cimabue o Virgin and Child Enthroned (1280)
• Gesturing to baby
• Giotto o Virgin and Child Enthroned (1310)
• Holding Jesus like a mother, Jesus= peace sign o Arena Chapel (1300)
• Cobalt Blue ceilings, paintings everywhere
• Lamentation, commisoned, wht type of organization? o Perspective, shows emotion, pastel
• Duccio o The Maesta Siena Cathedral (1300) o Tempera on panel, altar piece. A part of Santa Maria Novella in florence, include patron saints of city.

o Betrayal of Jesus (1300)
• Derived from byzantine because of the incorporation of gold leaf. Sienese art from Siena. This painting is made in tempera. This piece can be described as proto- renaissance. Simone marticelli resembles his work o • Pietro Lorenzetti o Birth of the Virgin (1340)
• Perspective
• Palazzo Pubblico in Siena o The Effects of Good Government in the City and the Country (1340)
• Lorenzo Maitani o Cathedral Orvieto (1310)
• The Virgin and Child from St. Denis (1330) o Gothic S curve, all gold
• Master Theodoric o Saint Luke (1360)
Location: Flanders and Northern Europe Characterized by: Religious themes, extreme detail, private devotional images, rich color
• Claus Sluter o Well of Moses (1406)
• Has horns
• Limbourg Brothers o Calendar (1416)
• Shows people in daily life
• Made in 1400’s. this is manuscript illumination, represents labors of the months., represents international gothic style. Members of the court on an outgoing. Relared to duccio.

• Unicorn is Found at the Fountain (1490) o No religious connections
• Robert Campin o The Annunciation ( 1430)
• Start of private devotional images
• Triptych- patrons on left panel looking in on Mary (symbols)
• Jan Van Eyck o Man in Red Turban (1430) o Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife (1435)
• Arnolfini and his wife. Pianted in the 15 century. Primarilly worked in bruges. Incorporated religious symbolism. It can be interpreted as a legal contract, propodsl or marriage. Highly naturalisti detail. Van Eyck includes himself in the background
•
o Chent Altarpiece (1432)
• Shows Eve and Adam as real people
• Rogier Van Der Weyden o Portrait of a Lady (1460) o Deposition of Notre-Dame (1435)
• All positions reflect one another o The Last Judgment Altarpiece (1444)
• Jesus is sitting on a rainbow
• Dieric Bouts o Last Supper (1468)
• 1 point perspective o Virgin and Child (1460)
• Look like real people, touching cheeks
• Petrus Christus o A Goldsmith in His Shop (1450)
• Hugo Van Der Goes o Portinari Altarpiece (1476)
• Patron is really close to virgin
• Hieratic scale
• Fra Angelica, Annunciation panel
• The subject matter is the annunciation. They come from the renaissance period. This fresco painting on wood panel. The painting was made for a religious insititution. Fra Angelico was the artist. This is an oil painting trptch

Location: Germany and Switzerland Characterized by: Flemish illusionism and portraits, symbolism, detail, bold color, slightly abstract
• Jean Fouquet o Etienne Chevalier and St. Stephen and Virgin and Child (1455)
• Slightly abstract, highly realistic on right
• Michael Pacher o Wolfgang Altarpiece (1480)
• All gold and wood
• Martin Schongauer o Demons Tormenting St. Anthony (1475)

Period: Renaissance Art 15 century
Characterized by: rediscovery of classical, harmony and proportion, humanism, linear perspective, pastel colors, architecture
Location: Italy
• Brunelleschi o Church of San Lorenzo, Florence (1430)
• Sculptures by Donatello o Flat roof w/ arcade
• Luca del la Robbia o The Foundling Hospital
• Math: Harmony and Balance o Madonna and Child with Lilies (1460)
• Nani Di Banco o Four Crowned Saints (1410)
• Donatello o David (1460)
• Hat and Sword o Donatello used contrapost in the metalwork. Both sculptures were created in Florence. Nudity is related to classical antiquity. It was commissioned by a guild, and was placed in St. mark o Mary magdelena
• Focus on psychology and emotion not realism. More expressionistic
• Verrocchio o David (1470)
• Hand on hip o Equestrian Monument of Bartolommeo
• Shard lines, muscular, stiff
• Ghiberti o Doors of Paradise (1450)
• Gold, depth, high relief, mastery of perspective
• How is it gothic and how is it renaissance?
• Pollaiuolo o Hercules and Antaeus (1475)
• Dudes all up in each other’s bidness o Battle of the Ten Nudes (1465)
• Reference used by all artists
• Masaccio
• Tribute to money o Holy Trinity w/ Virgin and friends (1430)
• Patrons inside image w/ holy beings 1st time
• What is the archecture in background, What artist does I resemble? Whose is the inspirartion? Wha type of medium? o Expulsion of Adam and Eve from Eden monumental nude figures (1425)
• Fran Angelico o Monastery of San Marco (1460)
• Fra Lippi o Portrait of a Man and a Woman (1440)
• Uccello (Battle of San Romano 1455) obsessed w/ perspective
• Castagno o The Last Supper (W/ marble walls and judas on wrong side of table)
Period: Renaissance Art (15 Century- 16 Century) Characterized by: huge classical influence, religious images, playing w/ perspective, individuality in peoples faces and halos that look like “hats”
• Laurana o Ducal Palace (1460)
• No more awkward conjuctures of arcades
• Montefeltro wooden study
• Piero Francesca o Batista Sforza and Federico de Montefeltro
• People looking at one another o Baptism of Christ (1450) o Triumph of Federico and Battista (1475)
• Mantegna o Camera Picta (1470)
• Di Sotto in Sú perspective o The Dead Christ
• Funky perspective
• Perugino o Delivery of the keys to Saint Peter (1480) o Uses continuous narration o Establishes rome as a center of art o Figures can be describe as solid and 3d. St peter is found in both works Massaccio. Found in Rome. Both pictures do not have multiple vanishing points. o ADBADBDC
• Atmospheric perspective
• Ghirlandalo o Nativity and Adoration of the Shepherds (1485)
• Botticelli o Birth of Venus (1482)
• Boticelli, end of 15 century, Medici were the patrons
Derived from a classical statute, innovative at the time because of nudity, neoplatonism, graceful linearity

o Primavera (1482)
• Bellini o St. Francis in Ecstasy o Virgin and Child Enthroned with the Saints (1478)
Period: High Renaissance Art (1490-1530)
Characterized by: Triangles, extreme classical influence, intricate details, sends clear message not really symbols, more interested in the natural world Location: All of Europe
• Leonardo da Vinci: Mysterious backgrounds, sfumato: transition from light to dark o Virgin of the Rocks (1485) o The Last Supper (1495) judas is holding $ o Mona Lisa (1503) o Vitruvian Man (1490) the one that shows porpotions- the dude in the circle
• Raphael: sweet, light colors, light scenes, bright lights o Small Cowper Madonna (1505) o Madonna in the Meadow (1505) o School of Athens (1510) o Leo X with Cardinals (1517) o Baldassare Castiglione (1514) o The Triumph of Galatea (1513)
• Bramante: Architect o Church of San Pietro (1502) looks like roman temple
• Michelangelo: Muscle definition, sculptor, extreme body twists and psychological element to works o Pieta (1500) o David (1501) -> sense of impendng action o Moses, Tomb of Julius II (1513) o Sistine Chapel Paintings (1508)
• Creation of Man o Tomb of Giuliano de Medici (1520) obvious use of man for model o Museo Capitolino Building (1337)
• Brought piece together using large columns o Saint Peters Basilica (1550) based on Bramante’s plan o Palazzo Famese (1520) looks like a super plain rectangle of a building
Location: Venice, Italy (they were special…I guess)
Characterized by: super classical
• Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints (1478) woman with violin at their feet
• San Zaccaria Altarpiece (1505)
• Giorgione o The Tempest (1506)
• Titian: classical beauty, real background, emotional works not really psychological o Pastoral Concert (1510) o Feast of the Gods o Pesaro Madonna (1520) the one with a big column and flag o Meeting of Bacchus and Ariadne (1522) swooping cape o Venus of Urbino (1538) o Isabella d’Este (1534)
• Correggio o Assumption of the Virgin (1526)
• Someone is falling through a hole in the clouds
• Di Sotto in Sú perspective
• Procession of the Relic of the True Cross before the Church of St. Mark Period: Mannerism Art (1500-1600)
Characterized by: sack of Rome in 1527 ended the high renaissance period, emotional and expressionist, shoes human being with human form, not classical…odd and abstract at times Location: Europe
• Pontormo Descent from the cross. Mannerist? o Entombment (1525)
• Pastel colors, tight linen, overlapping bodies
• Parmigianino o Madonna with Long Neck (1534)
• Bronzino o Allegory with Venus and cupid (1540) o Portrait of a young man (1540)
• Saltcellar of Francis I (1539) o No artist- salt shaker
• Giuliano Romano o Palazzo del Te
• Funny lookin
• Giacomo della Porta (1533) o idk if this is the name of the artist or building but it has swoopy things on either side of façade o El Greco
Location: Venice
• Tintoretto o The Last Supper
• Dark, spirits as light source
• Paolo Veronese o Supper in the House of Levi o Triumph of Venice (1585)
• Palladio: architect o Villa Rotunda: party villa
• Central plan
• Introduced the domestic dome o Church of San Giorgio
• On waterfront
• Façade for a basilica
• Dome
Period: Post-Renaissance Art (1500-1600)
Characterized by: liked white walls In the churches, Anglican church was created, symbolism, depictions of everyday life, landscapes, portraits and sort of abstract art Italy
• Bernini o Saint Theresa of Avilla ???????????
• Mystical experience of mother Theresa. Located in rome
• Commissioned by Lorenzo de Medici. Promoted ideas
• associated with the counter reformation. Theatrical stage design is present. Patron family member painted on the sides From the baroque period o Apollo and daphne o David
• Baroque sculpture, also sculpted by Donatello. Hellenistic greek statue inspired by fleeting moment Designed for St. peters collande and commissioned by religious patrons. Focuses on theatrical illusion and an axial twist motion. o • Gentilschi, o Judith slaying Holofernes o Inspired by Caravaggio, and took the scence from the apochrypa. This piece uses lights to creat drama. Gentileschi was taught by a relative to paint.
BARROMINI 17TH CENTURY o Location: Germany Characterized by: naturalism, bronze, wood, guilded
• Matthias Grunewald o The Crucifixion (1515)
• Albrecht Durer o Self-Portrait (1493) o Four Horsemen of the Apocolypse (1500) wood o Adam and Eve (1504) engraving o Melencholia 1 (1514) o Knight, Death and the Devil (1513) o Saint Jerome in his study (1514) o Four Apostles (1526)
• Albrecht Altdorfer: landscapes o Danube Landscape (1525) o Battle of Issus (1529)
Location: France
Characterized by: rich colors, symbolism, detail
• Jean Clouet o Francis I (1525)
• Primaticcio o Chateau of Pontainebleau
• Pierre Lescot o Louvre Palace (1546)
Location: England
Characterized by: Portraits, rich colors, symbolism
• Hans Holbein the Younger o Henry VII (1540) o French Ambassadors (1533)
• Levina Teerling o Elizabeth ! when Princess (1559)
Location: Netherlands
Characterized by: Odd, ethereal art softer colors, depiction of everyday life
• Bosch o Garden of Earthly Delights (1505)
• Caterina van Hemessen o Self-portrait (1548)
• Peter Bruegel the Elder o The Hunters in the Snow (1565) o Peasant Wedding (1568) o Netherlandish Proverbs (1559
> Rembrandt Self Portrait, Baroque, dramatic use of light Spain
Las Valequez how does this servethe purpose for the artist and the patron?