Ap Psychology Quiz
CHDS311
Quiz 3
Part 1 of 1 -
25.5 Points
Question 1 of 33
0.5 Points
Physical development is characterized by both differentiation and integration. Which statement best describes the functioning of these two processes in physical development?
A.There is a period of differentiation followed by a period of integration.
B.There is a period of integration followed by a period of differentiation.
C.Differentiation and integration occur simultaneously and interactively.
D.Their relative importance varies depending on the physical system in question.
Answer Key: C
Question 2 of 33
1.0 Points
At age 3, Michelle could scribble, her crayon tightly grasped in her fist. By age 4 she could color neatly in the lines of her coloring book. …show more content…
By age 5 she could better control a pencil and write her name legibly. This progression most clearly illustrates:
A.integration
B.differentiation
C.synaptogenesis
D.an executive function
Answer Key: B
Question 3 of 33
0.5 Points
Which one of the following best describes how neurons transmit messages to one another?
A.By stimulating the flow of blood in nearby arteries
B.By generating myelin in the synapses
C.By fusing together into a single neuron
D.By sending chemical substances to one another
Answer Key: D
Question 4 of 33
1.0 Points
Rafael is carefully weighing the many advantages and disadvantages of attending a large state university rather than a small local college. Rafael can largely thank his _______ for the ability to make his decision.
A.forebrain
B.midbrain
C.hindbrain
D.cerebellum
Answer Key: A
Question 5 of 33
1.0 Points
Dylan recently experienced a traumatic brain injury. One of the most notable consequences of the injury is a sharp decline in Dylan’s ability to communicate. Whereas Dylan was previously eloquent in his speaking and writing, he now struggles to make himself understood. From this information, you surmise that the part of Dylan’s brain that was injured was:
A.the cortex
B.the medulla
C.the hindbrain
D.the cerebellum
Answer Key: A
Question 6 of 33
1.0 Points
Seventeen-year-old Jonathan has suddenly started “hearing scary voices” in his head, and he worries that someone is “out to get” him. Which one of the following brain abnormalities might we suspect?
A.Neurofibromatosis
B.Schizophrenia
C.Turner syndrome
D.Fetal alcohol syndrome
Answer Key: B
Question 7 of 33
1.0 Points
Imagine that you are the parent of a newborn baby boy. A pediatrician tells you, “About half of the neurons that your son produced in the early weeks after conception have died off.” From this information, you should conclude that your son:
A.Will need to be on a respirator for the first few weeks, possibly longer
B.May have difficulty learning to read and write
C.Will have trouble with muscular coordination and will probably need intensive physical therapy
D.Is normal
Answer Key: D
Question 8 of 33
0.5 Points
In the human brain, a great deal of synaptic pruning occurs in the first few years of development. This pruning appears to be:
A.An adaptive process that allows children to deal more efficiently with their environment
B.Due to an imbalance of important nutrients, and especially to low levels of the B vitamins in many children’s diets
C.Reflective of the fact that the cortex is slowly taking over responsibility for functions that have previously been controlled by other parts of the brain
D.The unfortunate result of insufficiently stimulating home and school environments
Answer Key: A
Question 9 of 33
0.5 Points
Which one of the following conclusions is most warranted from research on brain development?
A.It is essential that children begin studying basic mathematics and science in the preschool years.
B.Educators and counselors should interpret lack of impulse control in children over six years old as a sign of a significant delay in brain development.
C.The ability to think abstractly depends on the development of many synaptic connections during the first two years of life.
D.Educational experiences can affect students’ cognitive development throughout the elementary and secondary school years.
Answer Key: D
Question 10 of 33
1.0 Points
Mr. Remick asks 9-year-old Anne to divide a pitcher of lemonade equally between two glasses, one each for her and her friend Kate. The two glasses are different shapes, with Anne’s being tall and thin and Kate’s being short and wide. After Anne pours the lemonade, Mr. Remick says to her, “Look, the lemonade in your glass is higher than the lemonade in Kate’s glass. Did you give yourself more than you gave Kate?” “No,” Anne replies, “my glass is skinnier.” Mr. Remick continues to ask Anne questions to determine how well she understands that height compensates for width in this situation. Mr. Remick’s strategy can best be described as illustrating:
A.Equilibration
B.Class inclusion
C.Reciprocal teaching
D.The clinical method
Answer Key: D
Feedback: The clinical method is a procedure in which an adult gives the child a task or problem and asks the child a series of questions. The adult continues to ask questions that are tailored to the child’s responses
Text Reference: See Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development, p. 196
Question 11 of 33
0.5 Points
Larger systems of mental processes are known as:
A.Schemes
B.Operations
C.Scripts
D.Constructive processes
Answer Key: B
Question 12 of 33
0.5 Points
From Piaget’s perspective, children are:
A.Eager to interact with and make sense of their world
B.Most likely to learn things that bring about desirable consequences
C.Most likely to learn when parents and teachers entice them to do so
D.More likely to develop cognitively in a formal school setting than at home
Answer Key: A
Question 13 of 33
1.0 Points
Which one of the following statements best describes Piaget’s view of how children acquire knowledge about the world?
A.Children are naturally disposed to think about their environment in particular ways; in a sense, some basic knowledge about the world is “pre-wired.”
B.Children actively construct their own view of the world from their experiences with the environment.
C.Children repeatedly parrot their parents’ and teachers’ beliefs, eventually internalizing these beliefs as their own “knowledge.”
D.Initially, children unconsciously develop a rather complex and confused view of the world, but this view becomes simpler and more straightforward as time goes on.
Answer Key: B
Question 14 of 33
0.5 Points
Which one of the following statements best describes the idea that cognitive development involves a process of construction?
A.Children must know simple things very well before they can begin to understand other, more complex things.
B.Children must learn ideas in a concrete form before learning them as abstractions.
C.Children pull together pieces of information about a topic to create their own understandings.
D.Children’s thought processes become increasingly complex and sophisticated as they grow older.
Answer Key: C
Feedback: Through observation, children begin to construct basic understandings concerning the world and how it operates. Through interactions with their environment, children develop increasing complex understandings of their environment. Children create their knowledge of the world through this constructive process.
Text Reference: See Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development, p. 197
Question 15 of 33
0.5 Points
In Piaget’s theory, a scheme can best be described as:
A.An organized group of similar thoughts or actions
B.A set of motor skills that preschoolers develop
C.A lifestyle or family pattern
D.A mental picture of oneself
Answer Key: A
Question 16 of 33
1.0 Points
In her first trip to a zoo, 7-year-old Latisha notices that leopards have paws very similar in shape to her cat Snowball’s paws. She also notices that leopards walk in much the same way that Snowball does. Latisha starts to wonder if perhaps leopards are cats. Latisha’s thinking illustrates Piaget’s idea that thought is characterized by:
A.egocentrism
B.conservation
C.use of schemes
D.compartmentalization
Answer Key: C
Question 17 of 33
1.0 Points
Which of the following is not a concept described by Piaget?
A.Scheme
B.Accommodation
C.Assimilation
D.Zone of proximal development
Answer Key: D
Question 18 of 33
1.0 Points
Which one of the following clearly illustrates Piaget’s concept of assimilation?
A.Five-year-old Harvey draws on the chalkboard with a large white crayon instead of with chalk.
B.Eight-year-old Rachel develops the necessary eye-hand coordination for writing letters in cursive.
C.Eleven-year-old Mary Lou moves to a different school and purchases new clothes to fit the local fashions.
D.A language arts teacher asks 13-year-old Reynold to think about possible adjectives other than awesome that he might use in his writing to describe interesting and enjoyable activities.
Answer Key: A
Question 19 of 33
1.0 Points
From Vygotsky’s perspective, what important role does inner speech play?
A.By giving themselves directions about what to do next, children guide themselves through complex tasks.
B.By using words mentally as well as orally, children develop more abstract representations of the world.
C.By practicing various grammatical structures mentally, children acquire more complex language capabilities.
D.By talking to themselves about what they should have done or said in a particular situation, children remember the situation more vividly.
Answer Key: A
Question 20 of 33
0.5 Points
Which one of the following statements best describes Vygotsky’s concept of internalization?
A.As children grow older, they develop an increasing ability to think about events in abstract rather than concrete terms.
B.With age, children acquire more sophisticated problem-solving skills, largely because their parents and teachers give them increasingly challenging problems to tackle.
C.Over time, children acquire more self-confidence about their ability to deal with the world.
D.Through their social interactions with other people, children acquire ways of mentally approaching and thinking about a task.
Answer Key: D
Question 21 of 33
1.0 Points
Students in a fourth-grade reading group are reading a passage about snakes. Their teacher asks, “Who can think of a good title that summarizes what this passage is about?” After hearing several good suggestions, the teacher says, “The author says that snakes are helpful to farmers. What evidence does she give to support her statement?” If we consider Vygotsky’s concept of internalization, we might predict that such a discussion will:
A.Be more beneficial for students who are working outside their zones of proximal development than for students working within their ZPDs.
B.Help students develop a greater interest in learning for its own sake.
C.Be confusing and counterproductive for students who are not yet capable of abstract thought.
D.Help students acquire effective reading comprehension strategies (e.g., summarizing, looking for supporting statements).
Answer Key: D
Question 22 of 33
1.0 Points
Xavier loves to write poetry. Often he uses techniques that his favorite poets use, but typically he modifies these techniques to better suit his own style. This situation illustrates which one of the following concepts in Vygotsky’s theory?
A.Appropriation
B.Mediated learning
C.Actual developmental level
D.Level of potential development
Answer Key: A
Question 23 of 33
0.5 Points
Vygotsky’s concept of zone of proximal development refers to:
A.Children’s ability to estimate how much they know
B.The range of tasks children can perform by themselves
C.The range of tasks children can accomplish only with support
D.The degree of maturation necessary to accomplish complex physical tasks
Answer Key: C
Question 24 of 33
1.0 Points
Which one of the following children is definitely working in his or her zone of proximal development?
A.Arnold uses correct grammar and punctuation when he writes short stories.
B.Berta is beginning to learn basic woodworking techniques. She has trouble hammering a nail straight into a piece of wood unless her teacher stands beside her, helping her and reminding her of what to do.
C.Calvin is playing the clarinet in the band. He finds that he can more easily keep the appropriate tempo if he taps the beat with his foot.
D.Doreen finds it virtually impossible to solve mathematical word problems, even when her teacher gives her helpful hints.
Answer Key: B
Question 25 of 33
0.5 Points
Which one of the following statements most accurately describes Lev Vygotsky’s view of how cognitive development occurs?
A.Children’s cognitive growth is best judged on the basis of their actual developmental level, not on the basis of their level of potential development.
B.Cognitive development progresses through four distinct stages; each stage is characterized by increasingly more complex thought and language.
C.Children develop by working on challenging tasks with the assistance of more competent individuals.
D.Language and thought, although closely intertwined in the first few years of life, become increasingly distinct entities over time.
Answer Key: C
Question 26 of 33
0.5 Points
In Vygotsky’s view, opportunities to engage in pretend play (e.g., playing “house” or “doctor”) have which one of the following effects?
A.They foster traditional gender stereotypes.
B.They allow children to practice adult behaviors.
C.They can help children shed their egocentric views of the world.
D.They are highly enjoyable but have little impact on cognitive …show more content…
development.
Answer Key: B
Question 27 of 33
0.5 Points
If you were to criticize Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development in a way that contemporary theorists sometimes do, which one of the following would you be most likely to say?
A.“It’s a bit vague in its explanations of how development occurs.”
B.“It ignores the effects that formal education has on cognitive development.”
C.“It disregards the important roles that peers play in children’s development.”
D.“It places heavy emphasis on drill and practice as factors promoting development.”
Answer Key: A
Question 28 of 33
0.5 Points
Which one of the following best describes a mediated learning experience?
A.Two children argue about which of two alternative viewpoints is “right” and which is “wrong.”
B.A teacher gives students lots of practice with various athletic skills.
C.A parent promises a reward for good behavior.
D.An adult helps a child make sense of a new situation.
Answer Key: D
Question 29 of 33
1.0 Points
As a high school music teacher plays a recording of Ferde Grofé’s symphony Grand Canyon Suite for his class, he asks his students to visualize scenes that Grofé tried to capture with music: a sunrise over the Grand Canyon, a burro ride down a winding trail, a thunderstorm, and so on. From a Vygotskian perspective, this lesson could best be described as:
A.Guided participation
B.A mediated learning experience
C.A lesson at students’ actual developmental level
D.A lesson at students’ level of potential development
Answer Key: B
Feedback: The teacher is sharing perspectives concerning a shared experience with his class. He is helping them to make sense of this symphony by sharing insights concerning its structure.
Text Reference: See Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development, p.
222
Question 30 of 33
1.0 Points
Which one of the following scenarios best reflects the basic idea of social constructivism?
A.Two students discuss possible interpretations of the proverb A stitch in time saves nine.
B.A teacher assigns a laboratory activity using cumbersome equipment that students can only use successfully by working in pairs.
C.When a student borrows a classmate’s marker without asking and then forgets to put the cap back on, leaving it dried out and useless by the following morning, her teacher reminds her of one of the class rules: Respect other students’ property.
D.Four students in a study group divide the day’s reading assignment into four sections. Each student reads a section and then teaches the material to the other group members.
Answer Key: A
Question 31 of 33
0.5 Points
From a Vygotskian perspective, scaffolding serves what purpose in instruction?
A.It gives children an idea of what they need to do to get good grades.
B.It keeps school tasks within children’s actual developmental levels.
C.It lets children learn by watching one another.
D.It supports children as they perform difficult tasks.
Answer Key: D
Question 32 of 33
1.0 Points
Several parents who are making costumes for an elementary school play ask the young cast members to assist them with such tasks as cutting fabric, pinning pieces together, and sewing simple hems. Using the language of Vygotskian theorists, we can say that the parents are:
A.Engaging the students in guided participation
B.Presenting tasks that exceed the students’ zone of proximal development
C.Encouraging the separation of thought and language
D.Creating a cognitive apprenticeship
Answer Key: A
Question 33 of 33
1.0 Points
Leonard is teaching Sally how to play a new card game. During the first time through the game, Leonard looks at Sally’s cards and helps her decide how to play them at each turn. As Sally becomes more familiar with the game’s rules and strategies, Leonard gives her fewer hints and less assistance. This scenario best illustrates:
A.Scaffolding
B.Equilibration
C.Disequilibrium
D.Social constructivism
Answer Key: A
Quiz 3
Part 1 of 1 -
25.5 Points
Question 1 of 33
0.5 Points
Physical development is characterized by both differentiation and integration. Which statement best describes the functioning of these two processes in physical development?
A.There is a period of differentiation followed by a period of integration.
B.There is a period of integration followed by a period of differentiation.
C.Differentiation and integration occur simultaneously and interactively.
D.Their relative importance varies depending on the physical system in question.
Answer Key: C
Question 2 of 33
1.0 Points
At age 3, Michelle could scribble, her crayon tightly grasped in her fist. By age 4 she could color neatly in the lines of her coloring book. …show more content…
By age 5 she could better control a pencil and write her name legibly. This progression most clearly illustrates:
A.integration
B.differentiation
C.synaptogenesis
D.an executive function
Answer Key: B
Question 3 of 33
0.5 Points
Which one of the following best describes how neurons transmit messages to one another?
A.By stimulating the flow of blood in nearby arteries
B.By generating myelin in the synapses
C.By fusing together into a single neuron
D.By sending chemical substances to one another
Answer Key: D
Question 4 of 33
1.0 Points
Rafael is carefully weighing the many advantages and disadvantages of attending a large state university rather than a small local college. Rafael can largely thank his _______ for the ability to make his decision.
A.forebrain
B.midbrain
C.hindbrain
D.cerebellum
Answer Key: A
Question 5 of 33
1.0 Points
Dylan recently experienced a traumatic brain injury. One of the most notable consequences of the injury is a sharp decline in Dylan’s ability to communicate. Whereas Dylan was previously eloquent in his speaking and writing, he now struggles to make himself understood. From this information, you surmise that the part of Dylan’s brain that was injured was:
A.the cortex
B.the medulla
C.the hindbrain
D.the cerebellum
Answer Key: A
Question 6 of 33
1.0 Points
Seventeen-year-old Jonathan has suddenly started “hearing scary voices” in his head, and he worries that someone is “out to get” him. Which one of the following brain abnormalities might we suspect?
A.Neurofibromatosis
B.Schizophrenia
C.Turner syndrome
D.Fetal alcohol syndrome
Answer Key: B
Question 7 of 33
1.0 Points
Imagine that you are the parent of a newborn baby boy. A pediatrician tells you, “About half of the neurons that your son produced in the early weeks after conception have died off.” From this information, you should conclude that your son:
A.Will need to be on a respirator for the first few weeks, possibly longer
B.May have difficulty learning to read and write
C.Will have trouble with muscular coordination and will probably need intensive physical therapy
D.Is normal
Answer Key: D
Question 8 of 33
0.5 Points
In the human brain, a great deal of synaptic pruning occurs in the first few years of development. This pruning appears to be:
A.An adaptive process that allows children to deal more efficiently with their environment
B.Due to an imbalance of important nutrients, and especially to low levels of the B vitamins in many children’s diets
C.Reflective of the fact that the cortex is slowly taking over responsibility for functions that have previously been controlled by other parts of the brain
D.The unfortunate result of insufficiently stimulating home and school environments
Answer Key: A
Question 9 of 33
0.5 Points
Which one of the following conclusions is most warranted from research on brain development?
A.It is essential that children begin studying basic mathematics and science in the preschool years.
B.Educators and counselors should interpret lack of impulse control in children over six years old as a sign of a significant delay in brain development.
C.The ability to think abstractly depends on the development of many synaptic connections during the first two years of life.
D.Educational experiences can affect students’ cognitive development throughout the elementary and secondary school years.
Answer Key: D
Question 10 of 33
1.0 Points
Mr. Remick asks 9-year-old Anne to divide a pitcher of lemonade equally between two glasses, one each for her and her friend Kate. The two glasses are different shapes, with Anne’s being tall and thin and Kate’s being short and wide. After Anne pours the lemonade, Mr. Remick says to her, “Look, the lemonade in your glass is higher than the lemonade in Kate’s glass. Did you give yourself more than you gave Kate?” “No,” Anne replies, “my glass is skinnier.” Mr. Remick continues to ask Anne questions to determine how well she understands that height compensates for width in this situation. Mr. Remick’s strategy can best be described as illustrating:
A.Equilibration
B.Class inclusion
C.Reciprocal teaching
D.The clinical method
Answer Key: D
Feedback: The clinical method is a procedure in which an adult gives the child a task or problem and asks the child a series of questions. The adult continues to ask questions that are tailored to the child’s responses
Text Reference: See Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development, p. 196
Question 11 of 33
0.5 Points
Larger systems of mental processes are known as:
A.Schemes
B.Operations
C.Scripts
D.Constructive processes
Answer Key: B
Question 12 of 33
0.5 Points
From Piaget’s perspective, children are:
A.Eager to interact with and make sense of their world
B.Most likely to learn things that bring about desirable consequences
C.Most likely to learn when parents and teachers entice them to do so
D.More likely to develop cognitively in a formal school setting than at home
Answer Key: A
Question 13 of 33
1.0 Points
Which one of the following statements best describes Piaget’s view of how children acquire knowledge about the world?
A.Children are naturally disposed to think about their environment in particular ways; in a sense, some basic knowledge about the world is “pre-wired.”
B.Children actively construct their own view of the world from their experiences with the environment.
C.Children repeatedly parrot their parents’ and teachers’ beliefs, eventually internalizing these beliefs as their own “knowledge.”
D.Initially, children unconsciously develop a rather complex and confused view of the world, but this view becomes simpler and more straightforward as time goes on.
Answer Key: B
Question 14 of 33
0.5 Points
Which one of the following statements best describes the idea that cognitive development involves a process of construction?
A.Children must know simple things very well before they can begin to understand other, more complex things.
B.Children must learn ideas in a concrete form before learning them as abstractions.
C.Children pull together pieces of information about a topic to create their own understandings.
D.Children’s thought processes become increasingly complex and sophisticated as they grow older.
Answer Key: C
Feedback: Through observation, children begin to construct basic understandings concerning the world and how it operates. Through interactions with their environment, children develop increasing complex understandings of their environment. Children create their knowledge of the world through this constructive process.
Text Reference: See Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development, p. 197
Question 15 of 33
0.5 Points
In Piaget’s theory, a scheme can best be described as:
A.An organized group of similar thoughts or actions
B.A set of motor skills that preschoolers develop
C.A lifestyle or family pattern
D.A mental picture of oneself
Answer Key: A
Question 16 of 33
1.0 Points
In her first trip to a zoo, 7-year-old Latisha notices that leopards have paws very similar in shape to her cat Snowball’s paws. She also notices that leopards walk in much the same way that Snowball does. Latisha starts to wonder if perhaps leopards are cats. Latisha’s thinking illustrates Piaget’s idea that thought is characterized by:
A.egocentrism
B.conservation
C.use of schemes
D.compartmentalization
Answer Key: C
Question 17 of 33
1.0 Points
Which of the following is not a concept described by Piaget?
A.Scheme
B.Accommodation
C.Assimilation
D.Zone of proximal development
Answer Key: D
Question 18 of 33
1.0 Points
Which one of the following clearly illustrates Piaget’s concept of assimilation?
A.Five-year-old Harvey draws on the chalkboard with a large white crayon instead of with chalk.
B.Eight-year-old Rachel develops the necessary eye-hand coordination for writing letters in cursive.
C.Eleven-year-old Mary Lou moves to a different school and purchases new clothes to fit the local fashions.
D.A language arts teacher asks 13-year-old Reynold to think about possible adjectives other than awesome that he might use in his writing to describe interesting and enjoyable activities.
Answer Key: A
Question 19 of 33
1.0 Points
From Vygotsky’s perspective, what important role does inner speech play?
A.By giving themselves directions about what to do next, children guide themselves through complex tasks.
B.By using words mentally as well as orally, children develop more abstract representations of the world.
C.By practicing various grammatical structures mentally, children acquire more complex language capabilities.
D.By talking to themselves about what they should have done or said in a particular situation, children remember the situation more vividly.
Answer Key: A
Question 20 of 33
0.5 Points
Which one of the following statements best describes Vygotsky’s concept of internalization?
A.As children grow older, they develop an increasing ability to think about events in abstract rather than concrete terms.
B.With age, children acquire more sophisticated problem-solving skills, largely because their parents and teachers give them increasingly challenging problems to tackle.
C.Over time, children acquire more self-confidence about their ability to deal with the world.
D.Through their social interactions with other people, children acquire ways of mentally approaching and thinking about a task.
Answer Key: D
Question 21 of 33
1.0 Points
Students in a fourth-grade reading group are reading a passage about snakes. Their teacher asks, “Who can think of a good title that summarizes what this passage is about?” After hearing several good suggestions, the teacher says, “The author says that snakes are helpful to farmers. What evidence does she give to support her statement?” If we consider Vygotsky’s concept of internalization, we might predict that such a discussion will:
A.Be more beneficial for students who are working outside their zones of proximal development than for students working within their ZPDs.
B.Help students develop a greater interest in learning for its own sake.
C.Be confusing and counterproductive for students who are not yet capable of abstract thought.
D.Help students acquire effective reading comprehension strategies (e.g., summarizing, looking for supporting statements).
Answer Key: D
Question 22 of 33
1.0 Points
Xavier loves to write poetry. Often he uses techniques that his favorite poets use, but typically he modifies these techniques to better suit his own style. This situation illustrates which one of the following concepts in Vygotsky’s theory?
A.Appropriation
B.Mediated learning
C.Actual developmental level
D.Level of potential development
Answer Key: A
Question 23 of 33
0.5 Points
Vygotsky’s concept of zone of proximal development refers to:
A.Children’s ability to estimate how much they know
B.The range of tasks children can perform by themselves
C.The range of tasks children can accomplish only with support
D.The degree of maturation necessary to accomplish complex physical tasks
Answer Key: C
Question 24 of 33
1.0 Points
Which one of the following children is definitely working in his or her zone of proximal development?
A.Arnold uses correct grammar and punctuation when he writes short stories.
B.Berta is beginning to learn basic woodworking techniques. She has trouble hammering a nail straight into a piece of wood unless her teacher stands beside her, helping her and reminding her of what to do.
C.Calvin is playing the clarinet in the band. He finds that he can more easily keep the appropriate tempo if he taps the beat with his foot.
D.Doreen finds it virtually impossible to solve mathematical word problems, even when her teacher gives her helpful hints.
Answer Key: B
Question 25 of 33
0.5 Points
Which one of the following statements most accurately describes Lev Vygotsky’s view of how cognitive development occurs?
A.Children’s cognitive growth is best judged on the basis of their actual developmental level, not on the basis of their level of potential development.
B.Cognitive development progresses through four distinct stages; each stage is characterized by increasingly more complex thought and language.
C.Children develop by working on challenging tasks with the assistance of more competent individuals.
D.Language and thought, although closely intertwined in the first few years of life, become increasingly distinct entities over time.
Answer Key: C
Question 26 of 33
0.5 Points
In Vygotsky’s view, opportunities to engage in pretend play (e.g., playing “house” or “doctor”) have which one of the following effects?
A.They foster traditional gender stereotypes.
B.They allow children to practice adult behaviors.
C.They can help children shed their egocentric views of the world.
D.They are highly enjoyable but have little impact on cognitive …show more content…
development.
Answer Key: B
Question 27 of 33
0.5 Points
If you were to criticize Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development in a way that contemporary theorists sometimes do, which one of the following would you be most likely to say?
A.“It’s a bit vague in its explanations of how development occurs.”
B.“It ignores the effects that formal education has on cognitive development.”
C.“It disregards the important roles that peers play in children’s development.”
D.“It places heavy emphasis on drill and practice as factors promoting development.”
Answer Key: A
Question 28 of 33
0.5 Points
Which one of the following best describes a mediated learning experience?
A.Two children argue about which of two alternative viewpoints is “right” and which is “wrong.”
B.A teacher gives students lots of practice with various athletic skills.
C.A parent promises a reward for good behavior.
D.An adult helps a child make sense of a new situation.
Answer Key: D
Question 29 of 33
1.0 Points
As a high school music teacher plays a recording of Ferde Grofé’s symphony Grand Canyon Suite for his class, he asks his students to visualize scenes that Grofé tried to capture with music: a sunrise over the Grand Canyon, a burro ride down a winding trail, a thunderstorm, and so on. From a Vygotskian perspective, this lesson could best be described as:
A.Guided participation
B.A mediated learning experience
C.A lesson at students’ actual developmental level
D.A lesson at students’ level of potential development
Answer Key: B
Feedback: The teacher is sharing perspectives concerning a shared experience with his class. He is helping them to make sense of this symphony by sharing insights concerning its structure.
Text Reference: See Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development, p.
222
Question 30 of 33
1.0 Points
Which one of the following scenarios best reflects the basic idea of social constructivism?
A.Two students discuss possible interpretations of the proverb A stitch in time saves nine.
B.A teacher assigns a laboratory activity using cumbersome equipment that students can only use successfully by working in pairs.
C.When a student borrows a classmate’s marker without asking and then forgets to put the cap back on, leaving it dried out and useless by the following morning, her teacher reminds her of one of the class rules: Respect other students’ property.
D.Four students in a study group divide the day’s reading assignment into four sections. Each student reads a section and then teaches the material to the other group members.
Answer Key: A
Question 31 of 33
0.5 Points
From a Vygotskian perspective, scaffolding serves what purpose in instruction?
A.It gives children an idea of what they need to do to get good grades.
B.It keeps school tasks within children’s actual developmental levels.
C.It lets children learn by watching one another.
D.It supports children as they perform difficult tasks.
Answer Key: D
Question 32 of 33
1.0 Points
Several parents who are making costumes for an elementary school play ask the young cast members to assist them with such tasks as cutting fabric, pinning pieces together, and sewing simple hems. Using the language of Vygotskian theorists, we can say that the parents are:
A.Engaging the students in guided participation
B.Presenting tasks that exceed the students’ zone of proximal development
C.Encouraging the separation of thought and language
D.Creating a cognitive apprenticeship
Answer Key: A
Question 33 of 33
1.0 Points
Leonard is teaching Sally how to play a new card game. During the first time through the game, Leonard looks at Sally’s cards and helps her decide how to play them at each turn. As Sally becomes more familiar with the game’s rules and strategies, Leonard gives her fewer hints and less assistance. This scenario best illustrates:
A.Scaffolding
B.Equilibration
C.Disequilibrium
D.Social constructivism
Answer Key: A