Ap World History Ch. 5 Notes

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APWH CH. 5 EQ NOTES

|Question 1: What were the features of Roman society and politics during the Republic? |
|Topic Sentence |
|Agriculture was the central economic activity in Republic Rome which meant land was the basis of wealth. |
|Social status, political privileges, and fundamental values were based off it. |
|Heads of wealthy families formed a Senate (Council of Elders) who dominated politics |
|7 kings- Romulus, Tarquinais = dictator, Brutus a liberator, and Tarquinais Superbus made the res publica, or republic |
|Republic wasn’t a democracy b/c only male citizens could vote, and wealthy people’s votes counted more than commoner votes |
|Annual elections for each year for all officers and center of careers were focued on becoming one of 2 consuls who oversaw the Senate and lead|
|military missions |
|Senate= real power and became hereditary because Senators kept nominating their sons for office |
|Served as council, but made increasingly more policy decisions. |
|Conflict of Orders- Patricians vs. Plebeians became a fight between the rich wealthy class and the majority peasant class |
|Rioted and boycotted city to force Patricians to make important political concessions and were forced to write 12 laws of stone tablets |
|protecting the Plebeians from the wealthy class |
|Patriarchal family structure- the paterfamilias had supreme power over everyone in the household |
|Patron/client relationship mirrors the modern incumbency advantages because the wealthy protect the poor farmers to ensure their votes in the|
|next election |
|Conclusion |
|The Republic of Rome served less as a Republic than an oligarchy of the Senate based on the social principles and political values. |
|Question 2: How did society and politics change during the Roman Principate? |
|Topic Sentence |
|Roman society and politics came under the rule of Octavian Augustus who drastically reformatted Roman society and government. |
|Octavian (Julius Caesars grand nephew) decided to change the Roman government structure from a Republic |
|Made it an empire, but never used the word king or emperor, but Princeps, which means “first among equals” |
|Kept general Senate and lower offices to disguise government |
|He allied himself with equites, or the wealthy merchants, and formed the well educated and self assured people in the community |
|More strict laws to enforce new government |
|Conclusion |
|The Roman Principate turned Rome into a more precisely governed state. |
|Question 3: How did Christianity grow and spread during the Roman Principate? |
|Topic Sentence |
|Christianity grew and spread by missionaries and conquering. |
|Paul documented and converted a lot of people to Christainity. |
|Word spread through disciples such as Paul. Paul set up the doctrines that are the basis for Christianity |
|Jesus was sent by God to redeem humanity from sins. |
|By dying on the cross, Jesus made it possible for humans to be saved. |
|Annual elections for each year for all officers and center of careers were focued on becoming one of 2 consuls who oversaw the Senate and lead|
|military missions |
|Senate= real power and became hereditary because Senators kept nominating their sons for office |
|Served as council, but made increasingly more policy decisions. |
|Conflict of Orders- Patricians vs. Plebeians became a fight between the rich wealthy class and the majority peasant class |
|Rioted and boycotted city to force Patricians to make important political concessions and were forced to write 12 laws of stone tablets |
|protecting the Plebeians from the wealthy class |
|Patriarchal family structure- the paterfamilias had supreme power over everyone in the household |
|Anyone could be saved through faith in God, and this was better for people. |
|Christianity spread because of its appeal to those who led hard lives. Christianity gave a sense of community and fellowship to the people. |
|The people saw others who were willing to die for a religion. |
|Conclusion |
|The Greeks significantly developed from the Dark Ages to being the most sophisticated culture in the Classical World. |
|Question 4: What changes did the Qin and Han dynasties bring to Chinese society and politics? |
|Topic Sentence |
|The Qin and Han dynasties revolutionized and militarily advanced Chinese society. |
|Qin abolished primo genture which was the law which gave all money to eldest son |
|Qin invoked legalism which united the region during the Warring States period. But it had extremely tough laws which gave the emperor supreme |
|power and the ideology believed that unity came before personal freedom. |
|Qin weakened nobles to give himself more power. |
|Established code of law which standardized punishment |
|Coinage, system of writing |
|Han denounced Qin harshness and laws and invoked Confucianism to replace Legalism |
|Eastern part was given to close relatives which lead to fall of Han dynasty. But it was good in early part of the era so the central |
|government had less land to control. |
|Empress got majority of the power because small children were becoming emperors and had pull over their children. |
|Women had NO rights under Confucianism. (Very similar to hindu society) |
|Women had follow and obey 3 rules in live- they had to either follow their parents, husband, or sons at all times. |
|Couldn’t vote, do jobs outside their house, or anything not related to their homes |
|Conclusion |
|The Qin and Han dynasties were extremely different in the way they ruled, but they improved the infrastructure and united the region. |
|Question 5: What were similarities between the falls of both the Han and Roman empires? |
|Topic Sentence |
|The Empires of Rome and Han faced similar problems which lead to the collapse of their empires. |
|Similar problems of defense plagued them both because they had long lines of defense. |
|Land very far from the administrative center which made it easier for nomads to conquer. |
|Aggressive neighbors who wanted their property |
|Because they were imperial, they demanded a lot in taxes and labor from people, and their own people eventually got alienated |
|The aggressive neighbors eventually closed the technology gap and learned how to fight and beat their well trained monogamous armies |
|Eventually, both were weakened at their borders and overrun by nomadic or barbarian peoples and central governments collapsed |
|Funnily, the newly dominant groups ended up keeping the culture because it was so well developed. |
|Conclusion |
|Both the Han and Roman empires collapsed because their borders were overrun by nomadic peoples. |