1: What is Ms. Shaffer’s thesis in the article? She seems to be trying to spread the idea of Southernization and its influence on the change and creation of the modern world through the effects of its innovations and trade of cotton, spices, silk, rice, math, and sugar. 2: What does the author mean by “Southernization”? The term Southernization seems to refer to the process of Southern Asia becoming a major influence that spread to various other places around the world in terms of goods, and trade. 3: How is the “South” defined in her article? She refers to it as the areas of India,, Malaysia, China, Cambodia, and the Philippines. 4. List the ideas, agricultural, mineral, and manufactured products that she associates with
“Southernization.” What places were the ideas, agriculture, minerals, and manufactured products associated with? She refers to contributions such as gunpowder and the compass from China, sugar cultivation and medicine from Arab countries, sailing techniques and technology from Malaysia, and math and trade systems from India. 6. What were the major contributions of Indians, Malays, Chinese, and Arabs to hemispheric development? Indians"India virtually, clothed, the entire world," cotton textiles, mathematics, numerals, invention of zero
MalaysMost intrepid sailors of the time period, many delivered goods from South China to East
Africa, spicescloves, nutmeg, and mace
Chinese Champa rice, printing, gunpowder, Daoism, Buddhism, compass, silk
ArabsWere responsible for the spread of many important crops developed or improved in India,
Middle East, North Africa and Islamic Spain. Discovering a silver mine as well as gold
7. According to Shaffer, what role did the Arabs and Mongols play in the spread of
"Southernization"?
Arabs helped spread important crops across India, Middle East, North Africa and Islamic Spain,
Arabs were first to import large