Apa Research Paper
APA Research Paper (Shaw)
Apes and Language
1
Short title and page number for student papers.
Apes and Language: A Review of the Literature
Full title, writer’s name, name and section number of course, instructor’s name, and date (all centered).
Karen Shaw
Psychology 110, Section 2 Professor Verdi March 2, XXXX
Source: Diana Hacker (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2004).
Apes and Language
2
Full title, centered.
Apes and Language: A Review of the Literature Over the past 30 years, researchers have demonstrated that the great apes (chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans) resemble humans in language abilities more than had been thought possible. Just how far that resemblance extends, however, has been a matter of some controversy. Researchers agree that the apes have acquired fairly large vocabularies in American Sign Language and in artificial languages, but they have drawn quite different conclusions in addressing the following questions:
The writer sets up her organization in her thesis.
1. How spontaneously have apes used language? 2. How creatively have apes used language? 3. Can apes create sentences? 4. What are the implications of the ape language studies? This review of the literature on apes and language focuses on these four questions.
Headings, centered, help readers follow the organization.
How Spontaneously Have Apes Used Language? In an influential article, Terrace, Petitto, Sanders, and Bever
A signal phrase names all four authors and gives date in parentheses.
(1979) argued that the apes in language experiments were not using language spontaneously but were merely imitating their trainers, responding to conscious or unconscious cues. Terrace and his colleagues at Columbia University had trained a chimpanzee, Nim, in American Sign Language, so their skepticism about the apes’ abilities received much attention. In fact, funding for ape language research was sharply reduced following publication of
Apes and Language
1
Short title and page number for student papers.
Apes and Language: A Review of the Literature
Full title, writer’s name, name and section number of course, instructor’s name, and date (all centered).
Karen Shaw
Psychology 110, Section 2 Professor Verdi March 2, XXXX
Source: Diana Hacker (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2004).
Apes and Language
2
Full title, centered.
Apes and Language: A Review of the Literature Over the past 30 years, researchers have demonstrated that the great apes (chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans) resemble humans in language abilities more than had been thought possible. Just how far that resemblance extends, however, has been a matter of some controversy. Researchers agree that the apes have acquired fairly large vocabularies in American Sign Language and in artificial languages, but they have drawn quite different conclusions in addressing the following questions:
The writer sets up her organization in her thesis.
1. How spontaneously have apes used language? 2. How creatively have apes used language? 3. Can apes create sentences? 4. What are the implications of the ape language studies? This review of the literature on apes and language focuses on these four questions.
Headings, centered, help readers follow the organization.
How Spontaneously Have Apes Used Language? In an influential article, Terrace, Petitto, Sanders, and Bever
A signal phrase names all four authors and gives date in parentheses.
(1979) argued that the apes in language experiments were not using language spontaneously but were merely imitating their trainers, responding to conscious or unconscious cues. Terrace and his colleagues at Columbia University had trained a chimpanzee, Nim, in American Sign Language, so their skepticism about the apes’ abilities received much attention. In fact, funding for ape language research was sharply reduced following publication of
References: Begley, S. (1998, January 19). Aping language. Newsweek, 131, 56-58. Booth, W. (1990, October 29). Monkeying with language: Is chimp using words or merely aping handlers? The Washington Post, p. A3. Source: Diana Hacker (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2004).