Apush Dbq War

History Unit 2 Exam Review 1. The causes of the Depression were easy credit; people were easily able to receive loans, lack of financial regulation; the government did not regulate financial services and the shirking demand for exports; Canada relied heavily on exports to boost the economy but as demands decreased, prices did too. 2. People faced living conditions in which they had no choice but to receive relief. In order to receive the relief they were forced to hand over their drivers’ licenses, remove phones from their homes and live in a place for at least six months. People faced homelessness and rations of supplies. Living conditions were horrible for most during this time. 3. The On-to-Ottawa Trek was when the men in relief
camps were unhappy with conditions and decided to go on strike, demanding better pay, food and shelter at the camps. They bounded towards Ottawa to confront R.B. Bennet about conditions. 4. Relief camps were camps constructed in response to citizen’s concerns about the many young men who were arriving in particular areas and sometimes disturbing the community. They were essentially in prison; they worked long, hard hours for 20 cents a day. They were treated very poorly there. 5. Relief payments were financial assistance from the government to help support unemployed citizens (welfare today). It was also given out in the form of ration booklets, which was never close to enough to support a person or family. 6. The New Deal was an idea that Bennet adopted from USA President Roosevelt’s New Deal. His version involved public spending and federal intervention in the economy. Unemployment insurance, minimum wage and health insurance were included within the plan. 7. On Tuesday 29th of October 1929, the stock market crashed in the USA. People had put much of their money into the stock market in hopes of getting rich quickly. When value of stocks plummeted, investors tried to sell their stocks for any money they could get. The more they sold, the lower the prices fell. This day was called Black Tuesday. 8. In Western Canada, nobody wanted to buy the farmer’s goods, making them lose a tremendous amount of money. There was also a terrible drought and locust infestation that destroyed many crops. In Atlantic Canada, Newfoundland was in severe debt and was forced to return to a colony status to ensure that they would be able to survive the Depression. 9. A pogey or a dole was government sponsor and support in the form of rations and other support. 10. William Aberhart attempted to solve Canada’s Great Depression related problems by trying to print his own money, after he was denied a loan from the federal government. 11. The CCF was the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation formed by a small group of reform- minded MPs. It blamed the capitalist system for the Depression and introduced new socialist policies such as; public ownership of banks, improved health and social services and a new tax system designed to redistribute wealth. Many people accused the CCF of being communists. 12. Maurice Duplessis believed that Quebec could get out of the Depression by becoming more agricultural and gave Quebec citizens land farther North to farm. This did not work. 13. The Padlock Law was a law that gave authorities the power to enter any public or private building to search for and seize communist propaganda. If they found any they would padlock the building until the owner appeared in court for trial. It allowed the government to shut down opposing parties without reason. 14. Relief camp workers went into Vancouver because they wanted better treatment, wages and living conditions within the camps and wanted to protest for them. They began the On-to-Ottawa Trek, hopping aboard freight trains bound for Ottawa to confront R.B. Bennett about their conditions in relief camps. 15. On June 14th 1935 Bennett was determined to stop the On-to-Ottawa Trek protestors, he ordered police to stop the trains in Regina. He invited protest leaders to Ottawa but after little time the frustrated leaders returned to Regina. Protestors gathered to discuss a new strategy but were soon arrested by police. A riot broke out and one man was killed while many were injured. After the riot many protestors returned to relief camps. 16. People were tired of Bennett and had lost faith in him after the Regina Riot. King’s slogan against Bennett was “King or Chaos”. King won the election. 17. In 1936 Francisco Franco led a military group in Spain to overthrow the government. The war was one between fascism and communism. Franco supported Hitler and fascism. King banned Canadians from fighting in foreign armies, to eliminated Canadian involvement but 1500 Canadians still fought in the war. They were defeated and returned home. 18. Hitler promised he would restore employment in Germany and basically told everyone what they wanted to hear. When he gained power, he managed to gain absolute control over Germany. He imposed censorship to ban political opposition. He also banned strikes and unions. 19. The S.S. St. Louis was a ship carrying 1000 Jewish European refugees who were fleeing from Hitler and his fascist government in 1939. They sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to countries in South and North America looking for a safe haven. Nobody accepted them, including Canada even after the pleas of some citizens. Many Canadians were hostile to Jews, including immigration officials and denied the ship entry. They ship was forced back to Europe where many of the passengers died in the Holocaust. 20. The leaders of France, Britain, Germany and Italy met in Munich to work out a compromise after Hitler had demanded control of the Sudetenland. Without consulting the Czechoslovakian government, Britain and France signed the Munich Agreement in 1938, allowing Germany to take control of the Sudetenland. Hitler promised that he would not take over any more land in return. 21. It was so important to rebuild the German army to Hitler because he believed that Germany was a strong nation and needed a strong army. He also thought that a large army would restore national pride within Germany. 22. Hitler targeted Jews because he blamed them for the loss of WW1 and the Depression. 23. Hitler gained political power by telling people what they wanted to hear. 24. Certain groups supported Hitler because he promised to improve wages, gave Germany their army back and made people proud to be German once more. 25. Blitzkrieg was a quick strike ordered by Hitler against Poland in September 1939. German troops quickly gained control of the country; France and Britain declared war two days later. 26. Hitler’s final act of revenge against the Treaty of Versailles was making France surrender in the same train car that Germany surrendered in during World War I. 27. Canada became involved in the war after a German submarine torpedoed a British passenger ship, killing a young Canadian girl. Her death became a rallying point to join the war. After calling a special sitting of Parliament and holding a vote in the House of Commons, King declared war on Germany. 28. To help defended France, British troops crossed the English Channel to protect the country alongside the French. Germany’s troops traveled up the Cannel coast, trapping the British and French soldiers. The British troops were forced to evacuate by sea, using any way to escape back to Britain. France was forced to surrender and fall to the Germans. 29. Appeasement is the act of giving bribes of territory to aggressive nations to prevent war (Munich Agreement). 30.
Four events that demonstrated anti-Semitism in Germany were the German citizenship of Jews was taken away, Jews were no longer able to own businesses, it was illegal for a Jew to marry a non-Jew and Jews were no longer able to practice medicine. 31. Some activities that began as Canada prepared for war were Nova Scotia women volunteering for service, the War Measures Act of 1914 was proclaimed in Ottawa and people began constructing air raid shelters on the east coast. 32. Canadians prepared for attack by sea by raising national defenses, setting troops from the American border to Alaska and using fishing boats to patrol the Pacific coast. 33. Canadians prepared for attack by air by having rehearsal black outs in case of air raids and creating air raid shelters in their basements. 34. The Battle of Britain was planned by Hitler, he wanted to bomb Britain and pave way for invasion. First the German Luftwaffe (air force) attacked British radar systems on the coast, cutting off British communications. Next they attacked the British airfields with bombs. Soon the Germans began bombing London, destroying buildings and other things. The Allies attacked Berlin, which had a blackout to try and stop the Allies. Britain reigned victorious and showed the world that the Allies were strong and that Germany could not conquer
Britain. 35. The countries of Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands fell to Hitler in the spring of 1940. 36. The Battle of Hong Kong began in December of 1941 when Japanese troops invaded Hong Kong. The Allies were greatly outnumbered and had no air force of naval support. They defended the British colony of Hong Kong before they were forced to surrender. Many Canadian soldiers were taken POW or killed. This was an extremely failed battle for the Allies. 37. Fascism is a political system in which the interests of the country as a whole are held more important that the rights of individual citizens, Hitler and Mussolini supported fascism. 38. Imperialism is a system of governance where once country rules other countries. 39. The role of Canadians in sea combat essential to the war effort. The soldiers in the navy and boat owners who crossed the dangerous Atlantic Ocean to transport supplies. The Canadian navy was the third largest navy in the world by the end of WWII. 40. The roles of Canadians in air combat were to fly planes, bomb Germans and other enemy troops and strike down enemy planes. They also transported paratroopers. 41. The Dieppe Raid was a horribly unsuccessful staged attack on the Germans in August of 1942. Canadians has been waiting in Britain for combat for almost two years and the Allies had pressure to relieve the Russians from the Eastern Front. Dieppe was supposed to be a swift attack on the Germans to prove that that the Allies could hold position. The raid was so unsuccessful for many reasons such as; the misinterpretation that German defense at Dieppe was low, when it was actually quite high, there was also no air force that attacked Dieppe primarily, timing was poor, they attacked in daylight and a German patrol boat warned the German defenses that the Allies were coming. Many Canadians lost their lives at Dieppe. 42. Daily life in Canada throughout the Second World War was much like it had been during the Depression; people were forced to ration everything they could. People on the home front purchased victory bonds to support war costs and women took over the jobs of men serving overseas, much like in WWI. 43. The Conscription Crisis of 1942 was solved by King holding a plebiscite to ask Canadians if they would release the government of its previous promise of “no- conscription”. All of Canada agreed to conscription except Quebec. Most men who were conscripted were not sent overseas until the near end of the war. 44. Life within internment camps was much like prison. Japanese Canadians were rounded up and sent to camps within the interior of Canada. They were allowed only one suitcase, the rest of their things were sold to pay for the internment camps. In the camps, they were crowded into small shacks with no electricity or running water. They were treated very poorly there. 45. The Battle of Ortona was a large test for Canadian troops. The town’s narrow street made it impossible to use tanks and instead had to move through the town on foot, navigating through large amounts of debris. Canadians used the technique of “mouseholing” which consisted of soldiers making their way through town by blasting holes into walls and going through house by house. The Canadians were successful in driving the Germans out of Ortona. 46.
The battle strategy of D-Day was quite complex. Allies wanted to convince the Germans that their intended target was Pas de Calais, 50 kilometers from the British coat, when it was actually going to occur in Normandy. To disguise the location of the attack, Allies launched preliminary attacks, with fake planes, landing crafts and tanks to mislead German intelligence. Paratroopers were first dropped behind enemy lines to capture and secure strategic points, then bombers attacked German defenses and finally, in the darkness of night, troops began arriving by ship and stormed the beaches of Normandy. 47. The Allies resorted to weapons of mass destruction (atomic bombs) because Albert Einstein warned the USA that Germany was creating its own WMD and the atomic bomb was created in response. The Allies thought that conquering Japan through direct invasion would cost too many casualties. The bomb would likely force Japan to surrender quickly with minimum Allied casualties. 48. The Italian Campaign was an Allied assault on the Italian island of Sicily in July of 1943. Italians offered little resistance. The Allies made it to Italian mainland quickly but were met with more resistance there (German soldiers had been sent in to reinforce). Mussolini was defeated in September of 1943 and murdered by his own
people. 49. “Mouseholing” was a technique made popular by Canadian troops in the Battle of Ortona. It involved blasting a hole in the outside wall of a house at the end of a street. They then threw grenades to clear the house, then they would move to the attic and blast a hole in the wall to the adjoining house and repeated the process over and over again. 50. The Final Solution was the German plan to physically eliminate all Jewish people in Europe. 51. Two ways the Final Solution was kept largely secret throughout the war were the victims were forced to write letters home after they arrived in camps in the East, speaking of “wonderful” conditions and deportees were told that they were just going to be resettled and that conditions in the East were better than the ghettos they were currently residing in. 52. Death camps were different than other concentration camps created by the Nazis because they were equipped with special apparatuses specifically designed for mass murder. There were only six camps that were constructed, all located in captured territory of Poland. 53. Two camps were Auschwitz-Birkenau and Belzec. 54. Prisoners in concentration and death camps were treated like absolute dirt. They worked at least 16 hour days, lived in cramped living quarters that were unheated and crawling with bugs and vermin, with only stale bread and foul broth to eat. They were beaten mercilessly for the smallest infraction; some were treated as guinea pigs for Nazi experiments. 55. The event of Jewish people having to wear Stars’ of David on their arms would be the most obvious to citizens of the Third Reich, 56. The Third Reich was a term used to describe Germany from 1933 to 1945. 57. The Allies were not right to use atomic bombs over Japan because they killed thousands upon thousands of innocent people, something that they were fighting against themselves. They were being hypocrites. 58. When veterans returned from the Second World War they were offered their jobs back, but not much more compensation from the government of Canada. 59. The Canadian economy improved after the Second World War because the war had modernized it as industrial production increased dramatically to support the war. Canadians were ready to spend after two decades of rationing; promising an economical boom. 60. Social welfare projects such as; family allowances to help mothers provide for their children, disability pensions for injured military personnel, funds for provincial hospital insurance plans and Old Age Security Pensions for Canadians over 70 years of age. 61. The Baby Boom was the large increase in Canada’s birthrate after the Second World War. 62. It allowed Canadians to experience American culture and integrate to become more like our neighboring country. 63. Suburbia was the lifestyle that emphasized home and family. It drew clear gender roles and brought with it led family activities and more media (televisions). It was a stereotypical image of a family lifestyle. 64. Some popular songs in the 1950s were Rock around the Clock, Peggy Sue and At the Hop. 65. Rock and roll was so controversial because it encouraged teenagers to speak out and rebel against authority. Many parents believed that rock and roll was corrupting their children.