Apush Id's

Ironclads- Wooden ships with metal armor that were employed by both sides during the Civil War. Brought in a new age of military fighting, by getting rid of the old ways of fighting.
Bounty Jumpers- Would enlist as someone else, desert, and then reenlist again for another person to gain a profit.
Greenbacks- Name given to paper money during the Civil War, they weren’t redeemable for actual gold but were still handed out. Farmers wanted to inflate it to cover the cost of the depression but the bill that was meant to inflate the currency was vetoed.
First Battle of Bull Run- First major battle, untrained Northerners and civilians retreated, this battle boosted Southern morale and made north realize it was going to be a long war.
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson- One of the better confederate generals who stopped the Union assault during the Battle of Bull Run. He was also shot by one of his own soldiers, known for being a “wall.”
Ulysses S. Grant- Military hero, led a corrupt administration that consisted of relatives; he was an honest man but he had one of the most corrupt administrations. Also was one of the commanders who defeated Lee and led many victories.
William T. Sherman- Put in charge of dividing the South by land, led the “March to the Sea” and scorched Georgia; also captured Atlanta in 1864.
Florida, Alabama, and the Laird “rams”- The Laird rams were ships specifically designed to break blockades; the English prevented them from being sold to the south.
Battle of Gettysburg- Turning point of the War that made it clear the North would win. 50,000 people died, and the South lost its chance to invade the North.
Morrill Land Grant Act- To encourage education, the North received acres of public land to be used for education. Was also one of the laws the North passed alone.
New York City Draft Riots- The poor were drafted disproportionately, and in New York caused riots to kill 73 people. Was a rich man’s war and a poor man’s fight.
20- Negro Law- Exempted an owner of twenty or more slaves from service in war, led to complaints again of a rich man’s war and poor man’s fight.
Rich Man’s War; Poor Man’s Fight- The rich were able to get out of the war through various methods, while the poor weren’t so they had to actually fight.
Enfield and Springfield rifles- New pieces of military technology and rifles with accuracy at much further ranges. Advanced war and got rid of the old ages/techniques of fighting.
Peninsula Campaign- the Campaign was the Union’s grand plan for victory early on in the war. The basis of this plan was to capture Richmond so as to stop the war as early as possible.
Robert E. Lee- Confederate general who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force. He was one of the greatest Confederate generals and led to many victories.
Battle of Shiloh- Confederate forces surprised union troops and drove them across the Tennessee River; union got back up and won the battle but it was one of the bloodiest.
Trent Affair- Northern ships stopped a British ship Trent in Cuba and took 2 southerners. This led to the discovery of the cotton diplomacy the south was planning.
Cotton Diplomacy- A diplomacy used by the south to force Europeans to recognize and help the South, by withholding cotton. Led to Trent Affair and Lincoln making the war about slavery.
Homestead Act- Act that allowed settlers to acquire many acres of land by living on it for at least 5 years, improving it, and paying a fee. It was being given out to encourage family farms, but turned out to be a hoax as the land being given out had horrible soil and the weather was not fit for farming.
Copperheads & Clement Vallandingham- Northern Democrats who opposed the Civil War and sympathized with the south. He was a notorious copperhead who ran for governor of Ohio while in exile.
Freedman’s Bureau- The first kind of primitive welfare agency used to provide food, clothing, care, and education to freedman and refugees. First to establish schools for blacks to learn.
Montgomery- Colonists invaded Canada in 1775 and Montgomery captured Montreal.
Vicksburg- A battle fought for the control of Mississippi River, by late 1862, the Union controlled all of the river except for a portion. In May Grant opened siege, and after 6 weeks the Confederates surrendered.
William H. Seward- Lincoln began his term as president by appointing the man as secretary of state. He was also charged with being responsible to explain to the public why the Union must release two confederate diplomats.