Apush Sectionalism
Sectionalism: 1820-1850
Into what three regions was the US divided into during this time period? • North: Consisted of two main pieces o The Northeast: New England and Mid-Atlantic states o The Old Northwest: Ohio to Minnesota • South: States that permitted slavery • West: West of the Mississippi, eventually stretching to California
What do you need to know about the industrial northeast? • Good transportation • Plentiful manufacturing labor from immigration • Economy based on commercial agriculture and manufacturing • Highest population of the three regions • Urban population o Grew from 5% of the population in 1800 to 15% of the economy in 1850 o Rapid urban growth led to: slums, poor sanitation, disease and crime • African Americans o 1% of the total northeast population o African Americans in the northeast made up 50% of free African Americans nationwide • Labor unions o Formed to work for: better pay, shorter hours, and better working conditions o Commonwealth v. Hunt: the Massachusetts Supreme Court ruled that “peaceful unions” had the right to negotiate labor contracts with employers • Problems for labor unions o Abundant supply of cheap labor o Courts and employers hostile to labor unions
What do you need to know about the Agricultural Northwest? • Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin & Minnesota • Admitted to the union before 1860, under the procedure established by the Northwest Ordinance • Economy based on commercial agriculture: grain crops of corn and wheat o Served as the food supply for the industrial northeast o No slave labor • Connection to the industrial Northeast by canals created a connection between markets o Crops from the old northwest to the northeast o Manufactured goods from the northeast to the northwest
Into what three regions was the US divided into during this time period? • North: Consisted of two main pieces o The Northeast: New England and Mid-Atlantic states o The Old Northwest: Ohio to Minnesota • South: States that permitted slavery • West: West of the Mississippi, eventually stretching to California
What do you need to know about the industrial northeast? • Good transportation • Plentiful manufacturing labor from immigration • Economy based on commercial agriculture and manufacturing • Highest population of the three regions • Urban population o Grew from 5% of the population in 1800 to 15% of the economy in 1850 o Rapid urban growth led to: slums, poor sanitation, disease and crime • African Americans o 1% of the total northeast population o African Americans in the northeast made up 50% of free African Americans nationwide • Labor unions o Formed to work for: better pay, shorter hours, and better working conditions o Commonwealth v. Hunt: the Massachusetts Supreme Court ruled that “peaceful unions” had the right to negotiate labor contracts with employers • Problems for labor unions o Abundant supply of cheap labor o Courts and employers hostile to labor unions
What do you need to know about the Agricultural Northwest? • Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin & Minnesota • Admitted to the union before 1860, under the procedure established by the Northwest Ordinance • Economy based on commercial agriculture: grain crops of corn and wheat o Served as the food supply for the industrial northeast o No slave labor • Connection to the industrial Northeast by canals created a connection between markets o Crops from the old northwest to the northeast o Manufactured goods from the northeast to the northwest