APWH Chapter 6 Study Guide
Chapter 6 Study Guide: Commonalities and Variations: Americas and Africa
- Less well-known civilization that thrived are the “Maya” and “Tiwanaku” from Mesoamerica, and “Meroë,” “Axum,” and “Niger River Valley,” from Africa.
- This Chapter explores their history
“Continental Comparisons”
- The 3 supercontinent where the Agricultural Revolution first took place were Eurasia, Africa, and the Americas
- 80% of the world population was in Eurasia; 11% was in Africa; 5-7% was in the Americas
- No pastoral societies developed in the Americas (They only had llamas and shit)
- No wild sheep, goats, chicken, horses or camels in Africa (They were brought from Eurasia)
- Less developed metallurgy & writing in the Americas than in Eurasia or Africa
- Civilization in Americas and Africa = Fewer in #
- There was interaction between Africa and Eurasia because the geography allowed for it while the Americas were isolated
“Civilizations of Africa”
- Hosted numerous societies, cultures, and civilizations
- Differences grew from environmental variations
-> Sahara Desert & Kalahari Desert (North and South)
-> Savannah Grasslands & Tropical Rainforests (Center)
-> Highlands & Mountains (East)
-Africa was the most tropical of the world’s super continents
-> Resulted in poor/ less fertile soils which resulted in less productive agriculture
-> More parasites
“Meroë: Continuing a Nile Valley Civilization”
- They were South of Egypt were the Nubian Civilizations
- When Egypt fell Nubian civilization came to center on the southern city of Meroë
- The “Kingdom of Meroë”= Governed by an all powerful sacred ruler/ monarch
-> Women held the position at least 10x
- Women were considered power equivalent to men
- City/ Urban centers housed merchants, weavers, potters, masons, servants, laborers, & slaves
- Smelting/ Manufacturing/ Iron Tools= PROMINENT INDUSTRIES
- Rural Areas= herders/ farmers
- Rainfall based agriculture meant no need for irrigation
- Less well-known civilization that thrived are the “Maya” and “Tiwanaku” from Mesoamerica, and “Meroë,” “Axum,” and “Niger River Valley,” from Africa.
- This Chapter explores their history
“Continental Comparisons”
- The 3 supercontinent where the Agricultural Revolution first took place were Eurasia, Africa, and the Americas
- 80% of the world population was in Eurasia; 11% was in Africa; 5-7% was in the Americas
- No pastoral societies developed in the Americas (They only had llamas and shit)
- No wild sheep, goats, chicken, horses or camels in Africa (They were brought from Eurasia)
- Less developed metallurgy & writing in the Americas than in Eurasia or Africa
- Civilization in Americas and Africa = Fewer in #
- There was interaction between Africa and Eurasia because the geography allowed for it while the Americas were isolated
“Civilizations of Africa”
- Hosted numerous societies, cultures, and civilizations
- Differences grew from environmental variations
-> Sahara Desert & Kalahari Desert (North and South)
-> Savannah Grasslands & Tropical Rainforests (Center)
-> Highlands & Mountains (East)
-Africa was the most tropical of the world’s super continents
-> Resulted in poor/ less fertile soils which resulted in less productive agriculture
-> More parasites
“Meroë: Continuing a Nile Valley Civilization”
- They were South of Egypt were the Nubian Civilizations
- When Egypt fell Nubian civilization came to center on the southern city of Meroë
- The “Kingdom of Meroë”= Governed by an all powerful sacred ruler/ monarch
-> Women held the position at least 10x
- Women were considered power equivalent to men
- City/ Urban centers housed merchants, weavers, potters, masons, servants, laborers, & slaves
- Smelting/ Manufacturing/ Iron Tools= PROMINENT INDUSTRIES
- Rural Areas= herders/ farmers
- Rainfall based agriculture meant no need for irrigation