If you are studying Arabic, you will no doubt have to write essays and reflective pieces. Here are some useful phrases and vocabulary for essay writing...
Writing the introduction
في بادئ الأمر firstly
أولاً وقبل كل شيء first and foremost/ firstly, and above all else
من نافل القول أن it goes without saying that
من بديهي القول أن it is self evident that
لا يخفى على أحد أن It is well known that/ everyone is well aware that
يبدو للوهلة الأولى أن...ولكن قد it may seem at first glance that... but
يبدو للوهلة الأولى أن it seems at first glance that
هذا السؤال يُقصد به أن what is meant by this question is that
إنه موضوع مطروق it is a much frequented subject, a much discussed subject
Commenting on the topic
سؤال قد تم تناوله بإسهاب a question that has been dealt with at length
هذا البحث يركّز حصرياً على this essay focuses exclusively on
يتطرق إلى to go into a subject (أريد أن أتطرق إلى موضوع ______)
السؤال الذي يطرح نفسه the question that presents itself is
لقد احتدم الجدل حول... منذ وقت طويل debate surrounding ___ has long raged
بات يطفو على السطح في الآونة الأخيرة has surfaced in recent times (i.e become topical)
And بدأ يطفو على السطح مجددا has begun to resurface
إنه موضوع يستقطب الآراء it is a subject that polarizes peoples’ opinions
الموضوع يصعب استيعاب أبعاده كليا هذا it is difficult to fully grasp the dimensions of this subject
لقد أصبحت هذه القضية تشغل أذهان الكثيرين this issue has started to preoccupy many
أطلقت هذه المسألة بوجهها القبيح مجددا this issue has reared its ugly head )yet( again (borrowed English phrase)
التساؤل الذي يتردد على شفاه الجميع the question on everybody’s lips (is)
لو ألقينا النظر على if we took a glance at...
يسلط الضوء على to throw light on something
لا يفوتنا أن نذكر we cannot fail but mention (that)
يجب ألا يغيب عن بالنا أن we must not forget that
المؤلف ينطلق من الفرضية أن the author proceeds from the hypothesis that
الكاتبة تنطلق من الافتراض أن the writer proceeds from the assumption that
انطلاقا من/مما going on from (i.e. going on from what he said,...)
لا حاجة للبيان أن there si no need to explain that
دون الغوص في التفاصيل without going into detail
دون الخوض في التفاصيل without going into detail
لا مبالغة في القول إن it’s not an exaggeration to say that/ it wouldn’t be an exaggeration...
يتجلى في is manifested/ apparent in
يدور حول revolves around/ surrounds
يتعلق ب has to do with
يتمحور حول revolves around
له علاقة ب has to do with
لا يقتصر على______ بل is not limited to____, but...
لا يكتف الأمر بذلك, بل not only, but also/ and that is not all...
واللافت أن it is interesting that
الجدير بالذكر أن it’s worth mentioning, it is noteworthy that
السؤال الملح the pressing question/issue
أسئلة مهملة neglected issues
يزاحم (ه) على to vie for something with/ to jostle with s.o for smthg
لا إجحاف اذا قلنا إن it is not unfair to claim/ say that
أخذت هذه المشكلة تستفحل this problem has begun to reach alarming proportions/ become exacerbated
باتت هذه القضية تتفاقم مؤخرا this issue has become aggravated/ exacerbated recently
باتت هذه الظاهرة تكتسب زخماًthis phenomenon has started to gain momentum
لا شك فيه أن there is no doubt that
لا ريب فيه أن there is no doubt that
لا غبار عليه أن there is no doubt that
اتسم ب to be characterised by
تميَز ب to be distinguished by
يتصف ب is characterised by
According to
وفقاً ل
حسب/حسبما +فعل
وفقاً لما أفادت به وكالة الأنباء روترز according to news from Reuters...
طبقاً ل
لذا فإن therefore
الأمر الذي يعيد إلى أذهاننا which brings to mind___
يفضي إلى leads to
لا يستهان به is not to be sneered at/ is no small matter العنف ضد المرأة لا يستهان به) Violence against women is no small matter
(
يتهاون ب to be complacent about
ينتهي إلى leads to, end up in
ناهيك أن not to mention, let alone
أماط/ يميط اللثام عن to unveil
وما شابه ذلك etc
وإلى ما هنالك etc
وهكذا دوليك etc/ and so on
وإلى آخره (إلخ) etc
والقائمة تطول and the list goes on
Time phrases
مرارا وتكرار over and over
بحلول by + date
ما لبث أن it was not long before
Conclusions
نكتفي بالإشارة إلى it is sufficient to point to
لا يزال الغموض يخيّم على uncertainty (ambiguity) still surrounds...
ومهما كان الأمر فإن... Whatever the case, ...
حان الوقت ل now is the time to...
إنها مسألة يجب أن تترأس سلم الألويات It’s an issue that must occupy a position of first priority
هناك أمور إكثر الحاحاً there are more pressing issues
ما ينطبق على مجتمع ما قد يختلف في مجتمع أخر what applies to one society might be different in another
من الأهمية بمكان أن it is extremely important that
بين ليلة وضحاها overnight (i.e. this issue cannot be solved overnight)
هذه الطريقة لن تؤدي بنا إلى نتيجة this path/way will not lead us to results
هيْهات أن it is out of the question/ how preposterous that (emphasis the rhetorical nature of the claim)
ليت if only
بحرف واحد in a word, to be brief
من الملفت للانتباه interestingly/ it catches the attention...
يقتضي على requires/ should... يُقتضى علينا we must... it is incumbent on us to...
يستوجب necessitates
من إنصاف القول إن it is fair to say that
كما نستدل من as we can see / derive from..,
Some random creative/ metaphorical phrases
توني بلير لم يتردد مطلقا في فرش السجاد الأحمر للقذافي (Tony Blair) did not hesitate in the slightest in rolling out the red carpet for (Gaddafi)
أحدث زوبعة to cause a whirlwind
أخف الضررين the lesser of two evils
حفر قبره بيده he dug his own grave
ينبغي علينا تقليم أظافر we must curb/ tame (lit. clip the claws of)
هو بمثابة قنبلة موقوتة is like a ticking time bomb
هل يمكن مواجهة هذه القضية بأغصان الزيتون can we confront this issue with an olive branch? (i.e. we need a tougher approach)
مما يصوّر صورة قاتمة which paints a dark image (i.e. the outlook is negative)
يقف مكتوف اليدين حيال +اضافة to stand by idly in the face of/ twitch one’s fingers towards (an issue)
لو وضعنا الأمر تحت عدسة المجهر, لرأينا أن if we examined the issue under a microscope, we would see that...
علينا أن ننطلق من المربع الأول we have to start from square one
ساهم في حياكة نسيج_____خيطاً خيطاً ‘played a part in weaving the fabric of’
- هؤلاء المثقفون ساهموا في حياكة نسيج هوية هذه المدينة خيطا خيطا عبر الزمن
- these intellectuals contributed in weaving the fabric of this city’s identity thread by thread across time
وجهان لعملة واحدة two sides of the same coin
العائق الذي يحوْل بين the obstacle that stands in the way of
العائق الذي يحوْل دون the obstacle that prevents
يقيم وزنا ل to attach importance to
تتردد أصداؤ(ه) to reverberate i.e ترددت أصداء النداء بالحرية في المنطقة the call for freedom has reverberated throughout the region
الطريق إلى الدموقراطية ليس مفروشا بالورود the road to democracy is not furnished with flowers
ينخدع بكلام (ه) المعسول عن to be sweet talked into__ by__
كل مَن هب ودب every Tom, Dick and Harry (slightly offensive, used in dialects too)
( كل من هب ودب يكتب كتابا الآن/ يملك جهاز ايفون) every Tom, Dick and Harry is writing a book nowadays/ has an iphone.
نزل إلى الحضيض to hit rock bottom
بلا أنياب toothless (i.e powerless or weak) هذه الأحزاب, هي أحزاب بلا أنياب كأنه يتخبط في الظلام as if he is stumbling around in the dark
منذ نعومة أظافره ever since he was young (lit. since the softness of his fingernails)
اذا/عندما________(فعل)... تكون قد خطوت الخطوة الأولى في___ if/ when you (verb), you have already taken the first step in/ towards____
القشة التي قصمت ظهر البعير the straw that broke the camel’s back (borrowed from English but becoming widely understood)
يأتي على الأخضر واليابس to wreak havoc on
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