Arachis Hypogea
In Vitro Reproductive Development of Peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., as Influenced by
Plant Growth Regulators, Sucrose and pH1
Q. L. Feng, H . E. Pattee*, and H. T. Stalkef
ABSTRACT
Research on in vitro embryo culture in Arachis has the objective ofrescuinginterspecific hybridembryos which abort before they reach maturity. This study explored effects ofthe three exogenous plant growth regulators 1naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), gibberellic acid (GA,), and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP); sucrose; and medium pH on in vitro fruit and embryo development ofA. hypogaea L. by culturing 10-d-old peg tips. Results indicated that medium containing 0.5 to 1.0 mg L NAA was optimal for in vitro pod formation and embryo development. GA, did not have a significant influence and 6-BAP had negative effects on both in vitro fruit and embryo development. High concentrations of 6-BAP and NAA induced callus which inhibited ovary enlargement and embryo development. Sixty g L-' sucrose was the best concentration for ovary enlargement and embryo development. Acidic medium was needed for in vitro reproductive development with pH 4.5-6.5 the most favorable. A pod formation frequency of 81%, a seed production rate of 90% (from pods recovered in
vitro), and plant recovery of 33% were obtained for a medium containing 1.0 mg L-' NAA and 0.5 mg L-' GA, plus 60 g L-' sucrose at pH 5.8. In vitro-recovered cotyledonaryembryos between 4 and 10mm long germinated precociously into seedlings at relatively higher frequencies than morphologicallymature embryos which produced more vigorous plants. Key Words: Embryo, ovule, pod, peg, in vitro culture, tissue culture.
'This research was partially supported by the North Carolina Agric. Res. Sew., Raleigh, NC 27695-7643and the Peanut CRSP, USAID grant DAN4048-G-SS-2065-00.Recommendations neither represent an official position nor policy of the NCARS or USAID. =Grad. Res. Asst., Dept. of Crop Science; Prof., USDA-ARS, Dept. of Botany; and Prof., Dept. of
Plant Growth Regulators, Sucrose and pH1
Q. L. Feng, H . E. Pattee*, and H. T. Stalkef
ABSTRACT
Research on in vitro embryo culture in Arachis has the objective ofrescuinginterspecific hybridembryos which abort before they reach maturity. This study explored effects ofthe three exogenous plant growth regulators 1naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), gibberellic acid (GA,), and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP); sucrose; and medium pH on in vitro fruit and embryo development ofA. hypogaea L. by culturing 10-d-old peg tips. Results indicated that medium containing 0.5 to 1.0 mg L NAA was optimal for in vitro pod formation and embryo development. GA, did not have a significant influence and 6-BAP had negative effects on both in vitro fruit and embryo development. High concentrations of 6-BAP and NAA induced callus which inhibited ovary enlargement and embryo development. Sixty g L-' sucrose was the best concentration for ovary enlargement and embryo development. Acidic medium was needed for in vitro reproductive development with pH 4.5-6.5 the most favorable. A pod formation frequency of 81%, a seed production rate of 90% (from pods recovered in
vitro), and plant recovery of 33% were obtained for a medium containing 1.0 mg L-' NAA and 0.5 mg L-' GA, plus 60 g L-' sucrose at pH 5.8. In vitro-recovered cotyledonaryembryos between 4 and 10mm long germinated precociously into seedlings at relatively higher frequencies than morphologicallymature embryos which produced more vigorous plants. Key Words: Embryo, ovule, pod, peg, in vitro culture, tissue culture.
'This research was partially supported by the North Carolina Agric. Res. Sew., Raleigh, NC 27695-7643and the Peanut CRSP, USAID grant DAN4048-G-SS-2065-00.Recommendations neither represent an official position nor policy of the NCARS or USAID. =Grad. Res. Asst., Dept. of Crop Science; Prof., USDA-ARS, Dept. of Botany; and Prof., Dept. of