Dr. Daniel Joyce is one of the top archaeologists currently studying how Pre-Clovis peoples were able to hunt Megafauna in the Western Great Lakes region. His work is focused in Kenosha County in Western Wisconsin where there are 33 known Megafauna sites (Joyce). These sites are all believed to be older than the development of the Clovis spear point (Joyce). Of the 33 Megafauna locations, most were isolated archaeological finds, and Joyce focused on the 5 most important sites in his lecture: Fenske, Mud Lake, Schaefer, Hebior, and Lucas. These 5 sites all provided valuable information as to how Megafauna were hunted and butchered all with Pre-Clovis technology. The remains from the Mud Lake site date all the way back to 13,500 RCYBP (Radio Carbon Years before present), and the bones of the Megafauna had wedge marks on showing the a stone tool was used to butcher the meat from the bones (Joyce). Joyce also mentioned that at the Schaefer site, which is at the edge of a glacial lake, a 36-year-old Elephants remains were found, and only 2 vertebrae had not been torn apart and butchered (Joyce). This provided further evidence that the pre-Clovis people were able to take down and butcher these large animals without advanced stone tools.
Near the end of his lecture Joyce also discussed the extinction of