Similar attacks on heterosexual students can be explained by an expanding scope of homophobia. The growing scope of homophobia is defined by a recent targeting of those who express behaviors that push the boundaries of accepted gender behavioral norms. According to Herek, society today still upholds gender norms through common expectations. George Weinberg, inventor of the term homophobia, explains these expectations include that men “[withhold] from embracing” or “kissing” or “expressing fondness for one another, as openly as women do” (qtd. in Herek 8). Additionally men are expected “not to see the beauty in physical forms of other men, or enjoy it, whereas women openly express admiration for the beauty of other women” (qtd. in Herek 8). Peers and society often assume men that express feministic characteristics are gay, leading to homophobic victimization of gender atypical men. Gender theorist, Eminem explains the situation when a man “[calls] someone faggot it is not a slur on his sexuality but on his gender” (qtd. in Kimmel and Mahler 1445). According to a study conducted by gender sociologists Kimmel and Mahler on 28 perpetrators of school shootings since 1982, a common theme among shooters is that were not gay but expressed gender atypical behavior. Their “shy, …show more content…
He explains that adoption is a unique situation that reasons many consequences for children including issues with self-esteem and identity. The article altercates that perceived differences between adoptees and their peers as well as their parents reason feelings of isolation. Finally, the author proposes that such challenges should not be taken lightly and that psychological assistance can make the nurturing process and acquisition of self-identity easier for adopted children.
Chkanikova, A. M., and V. V. Solodnikov. "Children In Same-Sex Marriages." Russian Social Science Review 51.3 (2010): 38-59. Web. 13 May 2012. This Russian articles reviews research conducted in countries across the globe, in order to find evidence about homosexual parenting. Upon review of studies in the United States authors claim that popularly citied research is flawed to a degree that findings cannot be consider significant. The article highlights that employed samples and research biases are what make studies on homosexual children unreliable. In summary the authors propose that social science must better focus on homosexual upbringing to provide evidence of the effects of such