INSTITUTIONS OF DEMOCRACY:
1. SUFFRAGE is the right & obligation of citizens to vote in the election of officers for public office & in the determination of questions of public policy. 2. REFERENDUM- proposed legislations are submitted to the people for their approval or rejection. 3. PLEBISCITE- certain changes or amendments are referred to the people for ratification. 4. INITIATIVE- process wherein the people directly enacts laws. 5. RECALL- Process of removing public officers by people’s votes before the expiration of their term.
QUALIFICATIONS OF VOTERS: 1. Citizens of the Philippines; 2. Not otherwise disqualified by law; 3. At least 18 years old; 4. Must have resided in the Philippines for at least one year & in the place where they propose to vote for at least 6 months immediately preceding the day of the election.
DISQUALIFICATIONS OF VOTERS: 1. Persons who have been sentenced by final judgment of the court to suffer an imprisonment of not less than 1 year and such imprisonment is not removed by plenary pardon; 2. Persons who have been adjudged by a competent court of having violated his allegiance to the duly constituted authorities; 3. Insane or incompetent person.
PUBLIC OPINION is the aggragate of all the views, notions, beliefs & aspirations of the people regarding certain issue.
WAYS OF MEASURING PUBLIC OPINION:
1. Opinion Poll 2. Survey 3. Random Sampling
4. Election 5. Referendum 5. Recall 6. Plebiscite
CONDITIONS NECESSARY IN THE FORMATION OF INTELLIGENT PUBLIC OPINION: 1. Homogeneity of the population 2. Freedom of Speech, press & Assembly 3. Interest of the people in public affairs 4. Sufficiently high degree of political education of the people
ARTICLE IV
CITIZENS are entitled to the full rights of citizenship and are