Asdfghjkl

Gender dysphoria
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Gender identity disorder) Jump to: navigation, search Gender Dysphoria
Classification and external resources
ICD-10 F64.9, F64.8
ICD-9 302.85
MedlinePlus 001527
MeSH D005783
Transgender topics
Identities
Agender • Androgyne • Bigender
Cisgender and cissexual
Genderqueer • Hijra
Sex and/or gender diverse
Third gender / Third sex
Trans man • Trans woman
Trigender • Two-Spirit
Queer heterosexuality
Topics
Transgender youth
Cross-dressing • Intersexuality
Questioning • Transsexualism
Gender identity disorder more... Attitudes
Ambiphilia / Androphilia / Gynephilia • Genderism
Non-binary discrimination
Postgenderism • Transphobia
Legal issues
Transsexualism
Gender-neutral toilets
Lists
LGBT-related films
Events • People • Topics Transgender portal v • t • e

Gender dysphoria, formerly known as gender identity disorder (GID), is the formal diagnosis used by psychologists and physicians to describe persons who experience significant dysphoria (discontent) with the sex they were assigned at birth and/or the gender roles associated with that sex. It describes the symptoms related to transsexualism, as well as less extreme manifestations. Affected individuals are commonly referred to as "transgender". Though no recent research has been conducted, the prevalence of gender dysphoria is estimated to be approximately 1 in 30,000, though some researchers suggest that the prevalence is actually significantly higher than this.[1][2] Similarly, little research has been done regarding sex ratios of gender dysphoria, but previous research indicates that people assigned male at birth are three times more likely than those assigned female at birth to be transsexual.[1]

Gender identity disorder in children is considered clinically distinct from gender dysphoria that appears in adolescence or adulthood. As gender identity develops in children, so do gender role stereotypes. Gender role stereotypes are the beliefs, characteristics and behaviors of individual cultures that are deemed normal and appropriate for males and females to possess. These "norms" are influenced by family and friends, the mass-media, community and other socializing agents.[3] Since many cultures strongly disapprove of gender-atypical behavior, it often results in significant distress for affected persons and those close to them. In many cases, transgender individuals report discomfort stemming from feeling "trapped in the wrong body".[4]

Gender identity disorder is classified as a medical disorder by the ICD-10 CM[5] and was also in the DSM-IV TR.[6] The current DSM-5, however, removed the diagnosis and replaced it with an updated diagnosis called "Gender dysphoria".[7] Controversy exists as to whether GID should be classified as a mental disorder.[7] Many transgender people and researchers support the declassification of GID as a mental disorder for several reasons. The classification of GID as a mental disorder pathologizes gender variance, and reinforces the binary model of gender.[8] Diagnosis of a mental disorder can also result in harmful stigmatization of transgender individuals.[7] In addition, there is growing evidence that transsexualism has biological causes, such as brain differences, genetic abnormality, and prenatal exposure to hormones, in addition to psychological and behavioral causes.[9]

Treatment for gender dysphoria is also controversial, as changes made are typically irreversible.[10] The current approach to treatment for people diagnosed with gender dysphoria is to physically modify their bodies so that they match their gender identities.[10]Contents [hide]
1 Causes
1.1 Biological causes
1.2 Sociocultural causes
2 Diagnostic criteria
3 Treatment
3.1 General
3.2 Prepubescent children
3.3 Psychological treatments
3.4 Biological treatments
4 Controversy
4.1 Arguments against GID as a disorder
4.1.1 Gender as a social construction
4.1.2 GID as a birth defect
4.1.3 Distress as a consequence of stigma
4.1.4 Replacement for homosexuality in the DSM
4.1.5 International classification
4.2 Arguments in favor of GID as a disorder
4.2.1 GID as dysfunctional
4.2.2 Insurance coverage
5 Proposed revisions in the DSM-5
6 Revisions in the DSM-5
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links

References: 9 Further reading 10 External links