ASSIGNMENT INTRO CPE 420
TABLE OF CONTENT
Content
Page
Introduction
Type of Distillation Column
Operation of Distillation Column
Application in Industry
Drawing of simple PFD
Problems solving
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Distillation is defined as a process in which a liquid or vapour mixture of two or more substances is separated into its component fractions of desired purity, by the application and removal of heat.
Distillation is the most commonly used separation process in the chemistry and petrochemical industry, mostly employed in continuous processes but also used in discontinuous processes. Batch distillation is widely used for the separation of specialty and fine chemicals and for the recovery of small quantities of solvent during the production of high purity and added value products. Batch processing is the main feature of the pharmaceutical, biochemical, and specialty chemical industries.
Sometimes distillation is carried out in batches rather than continuously. Batch stills are more labour-intensive than continuous distillation. After each batch, the still has to be unloaded and then cleaned out. However, batch distillation can be more flexible and is to small scale processes.
One advantage of batch distillation is the possibility to separate a mixture of several components with only one column and, although a batch distillation column uses more energy than a continuous column, many times it is convenient to operate in batch mode. For these reasons the design, analysis, and optimization of batch distillation columns have obtained attention by several researchers.
Figure 1 shows a conventional batch distillation column consisting of a reboiler or pot, a column with plates or packing, a condenser, a reflux tank, accumulative recipients for products (main cuts), and byproducts (off cuts).
Figure 1.1: Batch distillation column with three receivers for products (main cut) and three receivers for mixtures (off cut).
Although many people have a fair idea what “distillation” means,
Content
Page
Introduction
Type of Distillation Column
Operation of Distillation Column
Application in Industry
Drawing of simple PFD
Problems solving
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Distillation is defined as a process in which a liquid or vapour mixture of two or more substances is separated into its component fractions of desired purity, by the application and removal of heat.
Distillation is the most commonly used separation process in the chemistry and petrochemical industry, mostly employed in continuous processes but also used in discontinuous processes. Batch distillation is widely used for the separation of specialty and fine chemicals and for the recovery of small quantities of solvent during the production of high purity and added value products. Batch processing is the main feature of the pharmaceutical, biochemical, and specialty chemical industries.
Sometimes distillation is carried out in batches rather than continuously. Batch stills are more labour-intensive than continuous distillation. After each batch, the still has to be unloaded and then cleaned out. However, batch distillation can be more flexible and is to small scale processes.
One advantage of batch distillation is the possibility to separate a mixture of several components with only one column and, although a batch distillation column uses more energy than a continuous column, many times it is convenient to operate in batch mode. For these reasons the design, analysis, and optimization of batch distillation columns have obtained attention by several researchers.
Figure 1 shows a conventional batch distillation column consisting of a reboiler or pot, a column with plates or packing, a condenser, a reflux tank, accumulative recipients for products (main cuts), and byproducts (off cuts).
Figure 1.1: Batch distillation column with three receivers for products (main cut) and three receivers for mixtures (off cut).
Although many people have a fair idea what “distillation” means,